Albula vulpes

Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), noto in tutto il mondo con il nome di bonefish, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra della famiglia Albulidae.

Come leggere il tassobox Albula vulpes

Stato di conservazione
Prossimo alla minaccia (nt)^[1]
Classificazione scientifica
Dominio	Eukaryota
Regno	Animalia
Sottoregno	Eumetazoa
Superphylum	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata
Subphylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclasse	Osteichthyes
Classe	Actinopterygii
Sottoclasse	Neopterygii
Infraclasse	Teleostei
Superordine	Elopomorpha
Ordine	Albuliformes
Famiglia	Albulidae
Genere	Albula
Specie	A. vulpes
Nomenclatura binomiale
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimi
vedi testo
Nomi comuni
Bonefish Pesce signora^[2] Volpe biancastra^[3]

^[4].

Descrizione modifica

È un pesce affusolato con testa grande con muso allungato sulla cui parte inferiore si apre la bocca, piuttosto piccola. La pinna caudale è grande e profondamente forcuta, il peduncolo caudale è abbastanza sottile. Le pinne non presentano raggi spinosi ma solo molli: la pinna dorsale e la pinna anale sono brevi, l'anale è posta molto indietro, a ridosso del peduncolo caudale. Le pinne ventrali sono anch'esse inserite molto posteriormente, sotto la pinna dorsale; le pinne pettorali sono inserite in basso, in prossimità del profilo ventrale.

Il colore è argenteo con linee scure longitudinali simili a quelle del comune cefalo.

La taglia raggiunge il metro per 10 kg di peso.

Biologia modifica

I giovani formano banchi numerosi, i grandi esemplari sono perlopiù solitari.

Riproduzione modifica

Le larve sono leptocefali.

Alimentazione modifica

Si ciba di organismi bentonici come crostacei, molluschi, vermi, ecc.

Distribuzione e habitat modifica

Questa specie è molto diffusa nelle acque americane, sia sul lato dell'Oceano Pacifico (dalla California al Perù) che su quello atlantico (dagli USA meridionali al Brasile). È molto comune nel mar dei Caraibi e nel golfo del Messico. È presente , anche se in densità minore, in certe zone dell'oceano Indiano.

Popola le acque costiere molto basse e vicine alla costa su fondi sabbiosi o fangosi, soprattutto in zone con debole idrodinamismo come golfi e baie. Essendo eurialino frequenta anche gli estuari.

Tassonomia modifica

Sinonimi modifica

Albula conorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Albula lacustris Walbaum, 1792
Albula parrae Valenciennes, 1847
Albula plumieri Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Albula rostrata Gray, 1854
Amia immaculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Butyrinus bananus Lacepède, 1803
Clupea brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Clupea macrocephala Lacepède, 1803
Engraulis bahiensis Spix, 1829
Engraulis sericus Spix, 1829
Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758
Esunculus costai Kaup, 1856
Glossodus forskalii Spix & Agassiz, 1829

Pesca modifica

Le carni sono liscose e scadenti per cui non ha alcun interesse economico o alimentare. Ciò nonostante è insidiato massicciamente da pescatori sportivi che lo insidiano principalmente a mosca a causa della strenua difesa che oppone alla cattura.

Note modifica

^ (EN) Adams, A., Guindon, K., Horodysky, A., MacDonald, T., McBride, R., Shenker, J. & Ward, R., Albula vulpes, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
^ https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/vulpes/ (Enciclopedia Treccani)
^ https://www.sapere.it/sapere/approfondimenti/animali/pesci/volpe-biancastra.html (Sapere by De Agostini)
^ (G.U. delle Comunità Europee L 222/29 del 17.8.2001 - Regolamento (CE) N. 1638/2001 della Commissione del 24 luglio 2001) e (G.U. dell'Unione Europea L 87/1 del 31.3.2009 - Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio dell'11 marzo 2009)

Bibliografia modifica

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