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===Massacri===
WhenQuando thei Qing imposedimposero thel'[[Coda Queue(acconciatura)|ordine Orderdel codino]] in ChinaCina, manymolti disertori Han defectorsvennero wereincaricati appointeddel in the massacremassacro ofdei dissidentsdissidenti. Li Chengdong, aun formerex Minggenerale generalMing whoche hadaveva defecteddisertato toverso thei Qing faction<ref>{{cita|Faure, 2007|p. 164}}</ref>, oversawpromosse threetre massacresmassacri, innel [[Jiadingdistretto di district|Jiading]], thatavvenuti occurrednello withinstesso themese, same month; together which resulted inprovocando tensdecine ofdi thousandsmigliaia ofdi deathsmorti ande leftspopolando citiesle depopulatedcittà.<ref name="Ebrey">{{cita|Ebrey, 1993}}</ref>
TheLa citycittà ofdi [[Jiangyin]], whichche hadaveva heldresistito outa against aboutcirca 10,.000 soldati della dinastia Qing troopsprima beforedella thecaduta citydelle wallmura wasdella breachedcittà onil October9 9th,ottobre 1645, observedsubì aun tremendousdrastico declinedeclino indella populationpopolazione, followedseguito byda theuccisioni massdi killingmassa oftra 74,.000 toe 100,.000 residentsresidenti. TroopsLe undertruppe theal commandcomando ofdi [[Liu Liangzuo]] (劉良佐) werericevettero orderedl'ordine todi "fillriempite thela citycittà withdi corpsescadaveri beforeprima youdi sheatherinfoderare yourle swords.vostre spade".<ref>{{cita|Wakeman, 1975b|p. 83}}.</ref> AlthoughSebbene Manchui Bannermenmanciù weredelle oftenBandiere relatedfossero tospesso theimplicati nel massacro di Jiangyin Massacreche whichaveva targetedcome theobiettivo Mingi loyalistsfedelissimi Ming, ala majoritymaggioranza ofdi whomquelli whoche hadavevano participatedpartecipato inal Jiangyinmassacro Massacredi wereJiangyin erano Han Bannermendelle Bandiere.<ref name="Wakeman2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDjoJNdZCuMC&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Telling Chinese History: A Selection of Essays|author=Frederic E. Wakeman|publisher=University of California Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-520-25606-4|pages=206–}}</ref>
InA Fuzhou, althoughsebbene formergli ex-Ming subjectsfossero werestati initiallyinizialmente compensatedricompensati withcon silverargento forper complyingconformarsi toall'[[Coda the(acconciatura)|ordine Queuedel Ordercodino]], generalentro il 1645 il generale Hong Chengchou hadaveva enforcedapplicato thein policymaniera thoroughlymassiccia onla thedisposizione residentssui ofresidenti di Jiangnan by 1645.<ref name="chinaheritagequarterly.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=027_queue.inc&issue=027|title=The End of the Queue - China Heritage Quarterly|author=|date=|website=www.chinaheritagequarterly.org}}</ref><ref name="Doolittle1876">{{cite book|author=Justus Doolittle|title=Social Life of the Chinese: With Some Account of Their Religious, Governmental, Educational, and Business Customs and Opinions. With Special But Not Exclusive Reference to Fuhchau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=We3NAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA242#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1876|publisher=Harpers|pages=242–}}</ref> TheAgli Han bannerdelle wasBandiere repeatedlyvenne assignedripetutamente toassegnato enforceil thecompito Queuedi Order,far oftenrispettare resultingl'ordine indel massacrescodino, suchspesso asprovocando themassacri [[Yangzhoucome quello di massacre|Yangzhou Massacre]],<ref>{{cita|Elliott, 2001|p. 224 [https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA224]}}</ref> duringdurante il whichquale locali residentsresidenti werelocali seenvennero harassedtormentati bydalle troopstruppe.<ref>{{cita|Elliott, 2001|p. 223[https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA223]}}</ref>
InA Guangzhou, massacresnel of1650, Mingi loyalistsmassacri anddi civilianscivili ine 1650lealisti wereMing carriedvennero outcondotti bydalle Qingtruppe forces underQing theal commandcomando ofdi [[Shang Kexi]] ande [[Geng Jimao]].<ref name="Roberts2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=GZNiAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&dq=The+invasion+of+the+south+began+in+1649+and+in+the+following+year+Guangzhou+was+captured+and+sacked+by+Shang+Kexi,+a+Chinese+bannerman+who+had+switched+to+the+Manchu+side+in+1634.+Resistance+in+mainland+China+had+now+effectively+...#v=onepage&q=The%20invasion%20of%20the%20south%20began%20in%201649%20and%20in%20the%20following%20year%20Guangzhou%20was%20captured%20and%20sacked%20by%20Shang%20Kexi%2C%20a%20Chinese%20bannerman%20who%20had%20switched%20to%20the%20Manchu%20side%20in%201634.%20Resistance%20in%20mainland%20China%20had%20now%20effectively%20...&f=false9|title=A History of China|author=John A.G. Roberts|date=13 July 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-34411-2|pages=139–}}</ref><ref name="Roberts1999">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=gWKDgM3_z-oC&q=The+invasion+of+the+south+began+in+1649+and+in+the+following+year+Guangzhou+was+captured+and+sacked+by+Shang+Kexi,+a+Chinese+bannerman+who+had+switched+to+the+Manchu+side+in+1634.+Resistance+in+mainland+China+had+now+effectively+...&dq=The+invasion+of+the+south+began+in+1649+and+in+the+following+year+Guangzhou+was+captured+and+sacked+by+Shang+Kexi,+a+Chinese+bannerman+who+had+switched+to+the+Manchu+side+in+1634.+Resistance+in+mainland+China+had+now+effectively+...|title=A Concise History of China|author=J. A. G. Roberts|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-674-00075-9|page=142}}</ref>
===Scienza militare cinese e testi militari===
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