In commendam: differenze tra le versioni

 

Nel mondo commerciale medioevale furono usati gli stessi termini, ma con un significato più caratteristico: Quando un mercante partiva per una impresa commerciale per terre lontane, raccoglieva presso parenti e amici somme di denaro necessarie per l'impresa: chi dava il danaro si chiamava accomandante e rispondeva solo nei limiti del capitale investito, chi lo riceveva si chiamava accomandatario, amministrava l'impresa, ma rispondeva illimitatamente o, come si diceva, [[ultra vires]]. Anche le diritto successivo rimase l'istituto che nel diritto italiano moderno è la [[società in accomandita semplice]] e la [[società in accomandita per azioni]].

 

<!-- In [[canon law]], '''commendam''' (or '''''in commendam''''') was a form of transferring an [[Benefice|ecclesiastical benefice]] ''in trust'' to the ''custody'' of a [[Patronage|patron]]. The practice of benefices held ''in commendam'' came into widespread use and abuse in the 14th and 15th centuries, but the origins can be found in the [[Early Middle Ages]]; then, during periods of upheaval and invasion, church property (ecclesiastical benefices) would be given to a member of the church to safeguard until order was restored.

 

The phrase ''in commendam'' was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant – a corollary of the phrase ''[[Titulus|in titulum]]'', which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of benefices. An abbot thus ''in commendam'' was a patron, not the working head of an abbey on the site; he drew the revenue, but was not concerned with the abbey's working or spiritual discipline. Abbots in commendam ordinarily did not reside in their [[abbey]].

 

==History==

The word "commendam" is the accusative of the [[Low Latin]] noun ''commenda'', "trust", or "custody", which is derived from the verb ''commendare'' ("to give in trust"). The phrase in ''commendam'' was originally applied to the provisional collation and occupation of an [[ecclesiastical benefice]] which was temporarily without an actual occupant. It was thus opposed to the phrase in ''[[titulum]]'' which was applied to the regular and unconditioned collation of benefices.

 

 

*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07719a.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] "In commendam"

*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04155b.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] "Commendatory Abbot"

*[http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?ActiveTextDocId=1030947 ''UK Statute Law Database'':] Ecclesiastical Commissioners Act 1836 (c.77)

 

==Voci correlate==

*[[Abate commendatario]]

{{Portale|lingua latina}}

 

 

[[en:In commendam]]