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{{T|lingua=inglese|argomento=geografia|data=aprile 2008}}
{{ComuneUSA
|nomeCitta = Petersburg
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=== Guerra di secessione americana ===
{{MainVedi anche|Assedio di Petersburg|Battaglia del cratere}}
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Petersburg's 1860 population was 18,266, half of whom were black. Nearly one-third of them were free blacks. Petersburg had the highest percentage of free African American men and women in the slave-holding states of the Confederacy and the Union. Ninety percent of the white half were native Virginians. Their devotion to the cause during the [[War of 1812]] inspired the nickname "Cockade City" in honor of the rosette they wore on their caps.
 
When the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] started in 1861, Petersburg's men again responded. They provided the South several infantry companies and artillery units, as well as three troops of cavalry. In 1864, Petersburg was a significant target during the [[Overland Campaign]] of [[Ulysses S. Grant|Union General Ulysses S. Grant]]. Because of its railroads, Petersburg was the lifeline to [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], the Capital of the Confederacy.
 
After the [[Battle of Cold Harbor]], Grant stayed east of Richmond and headed south to Petersburg. Grant decided to cut off the rail lines into Petersburg, and thus Richmond's supplies. On [[June 9]], troops under [[William F. Smith|William F. "Baldy" Smith]], of the [[XVIII Corps (ACW)|18th Corps]], attacked the [[Dimmock Line]], a set of defensive [[Earthworks|breastworks]] originally constructed in 1861 and 1862 to protect Petersburg against the [[Army of the Potomac]] under General [[George B. McClellan|George McClellan]] during the [[Peninsula Campaign]].
in early April 1865
The Confederate troops numbered around 2,000. The lines could have easily been taken, but with the memory of Cold Harbor still fresh, Generals smute and [[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] were reluctant to attack a fortified line. Confederate General [[P.G.T. Beauregard]] alerted Lee that he was facing the Army of the Potomac at Petersburg. Lee later arrived, and the 292-day [[Siege of Petersburg]] began.
 
On the Eastern Front, the trench lines were very close together. One soldier in the 48th Pennsylvania, a coal miner in civilian life, remarked aloud, "We could blow that battery into oblivion if we could dig a mine underneath it." Colonel [[Henry Pleasants]], division commander, took this idea seriously and moved it up the chain of command. The plan was given the go ahead. On [[July 30]], the mine was exploded. Due to poor Union leadership and the timely arrival of Confederate General [[William Mahone]], the Union lost the [[Battle of the Crater]]. They suffered more than 4,000 casualties. This famous battle was portrayed in the motion picture ''[[Cold Mountain (film)|Cold Mountain]]''.
 
In early April 1865, the Siege of Petersburg ended. It preceded Robert E. Lee's surrender and the end of the war. Confederate General [[A.P. Hill|Ambrose P. (A.P.) Hill]] died on the last day the Confederates occupied the Petersburg trenches. The use of an extended network of fortified entrenchments around Petersburg established a warfare precedent. Trenches would be used extensively in [[Europe]] during [[World War I]] (qv. [[Trench warfare]]).
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=== Storia postbellica ===
La città è circondata da una serie di fortificazioni costruite durante gli anni della "[[ricostruzione]]" successiva alla guerra di secessione. Molte di queste sono state preservate nel Pamplin Park.
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In 1874 during Reconstruction, James M. Wilkerson, Sr. founded a business named the Wilkerson Undertaking Company. It continues to operate as the James M. Wilkerson Funeral Establishment, Inc. [http://www.jmwilkersonsince1874.com] and is one of the oldest black-owned firms in the United States. Central State (psychiatric) Hospital and [[Fort Lee, Virginia|Fort Lee]], housing the U.S. Army [[Quartermaster Corps]] Center and School, are also located nearby.
 
The Petersburg area is home to [[Virginia State University]], founded in 1882 (in Ettrick). It was one of the first fully state-supported four-year institutions of higher learning for [[African Americans]]. In 1888 [[John Mercer Langston]] became the first African American to be elected to the United States Congress from Virginia.
 
Following school integration in the 1960s, many white families moved to suburban [[Colonial Heights, Virginia]].
 
As of 2007, Petersburg is an evolving small city. It still suffers from the effects of the war and siege now more than 140 years in the past.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} The former downtown area, once vibrant near the north end of Sycamore Street, had declined into desolation by the late 20th century because suburban development drew off retail. Structural changes caused loss of local jobs.
 
Like some other old, East Coast small downtowns, lately Petersburg has been having a rebirth. Many restaurants, specialty shops, and up-scale apartments and condos have been developed, with more underway. ''[[Southern Living]]'' magazine recently featured this area, as did [[HGTV]]'s "What You Get For The Money". The area has also become a booming arts center. It has both an area Arts League as well as a Performing Arts Center and restaurant, the Sycamore Rouge. The city celebrates a "Friday of the Arts" on the second Friday of each month, in which many locations feature local artwork and live music.
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== Industria e rivitalizzazione ==
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Petersburg has a long history as an industrial center for Virginia. Though tobacco giant [[Brown & Williamson]] left the town, firms like [[Remmie Arnold Pen Co.]], [[Seward Trunk Co.]] and [[Titmus Optical]] are well known brand names associated with the town.
 
Since the departure of Brown & Williamson,Petersburg has invested heavily in [[historic preservation]] of architecture, as the city has a large inventory of 18th, 19th and 20th century structures in its historic neighborhoods. Groups like [[Historic Petersburg Foundation]] and [[Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities]] have worked to restore many of the city's buildings.
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== Geografia ==
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Located along the [[eastern seaboard]], approximately halfway between [[New York]] and [[Florida]], Petersburg is at the juncture of Interstates 95 and 85, just 23 miles south of Virginia's state capital, [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. The city is one of 13 jurisdictions that comprise the [[Richmond-Petersburg]] Metropolitan Statistical Area. Petersburg is a part of the [[Tri-cities, Virginia]] regional economy known as the "Appomattox Basin" that includes the counties of Dinwiddie and Prince George, the southern part of Chesterfield County, and the cities of Hopewell and Colonial Heights.
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Petersburg is located at {{coor dms|37|12|46|N|77|24|1|W|city}} (37.21295, -77.400417){{GR|1}}.
 
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 23.2&nbsp;[[square mile]]s (60.1&nbsp;[[km²]]), of which, 22.9&nbsp;square miles (59.3&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.3&nbsp;square miles (0.8&nbsp;km²) of it (1.29%) is water.
 
Petersburg is located on the [[Appomattox River]] at the [[fall line]], which marks the area where an upland region (continental [[bedrock]]) and a [[coastal plain]] (coastal [[alluvium|alluvia]]) meet. The fall line is typically prominent where a river crosses its rocky boundary as there are rapids or waterfalls. River boats could not travel any farther inland, making the location the [[head of navigation]]. The need of a port and abundant supply of water power causes settlements to develop where a river crosses the fall line.
 
The most prominent example of fall line settlement was the establishment of the cities along the eastern coast of the [[United States]] where the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian Rise]] and the coastal plains meet.
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== Contee/Città autonome confinanti ==
Line 100 ⟶ 55:
* [[Contea di Prince George]] - est, sud-est
 
== Demografia ==
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As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 33,740 people, 13,799 households, and 8,513 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,474.6 people per square mile (569.4/km²). There were 15,955 housing units at an average density of 697.3/sq&nbsp;mi (269.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 18.52% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 78.97% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.20% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.70% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.59% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.00% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.37% of the population.
 
In 2005 Petersburg's population was 18.4% non-Hispanic whites. African-Americans were a slightly smaller percentage of the city's total population, now only numbering 78.6% of the total. 0.9% of the population was Asian and 2.1% were Latino.
 
There were 13,799 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 26.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.98.
 
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.
 
The median income for a household in the city was $28,851, and the median income for a family was $33,955. Males had a median income of $27,859 versus $21,882 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,989. About 16.7% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.
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== Residenti famosi di Petersburg ==
Estratto da "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersburg_(Virginia)"