Rivolta d'aprile: differenze tra le versioni

La '''rivolta d'aprile''' (in [[lingua bulgara|bulgaro]]: Априлско въстание, ''Aprilsko văstanie'') fu un'insurrezione organizzata dai [[bulgari]] all'interno dell'[[impero ottomano]] dall'aprile al maggio del [[1876]], che portò come risultato indiretto alla restaurazione dello stato bulgaro nel [[1878]]. L'esercito regolare ottomano e le unità irregolari note come ''[[Basci-buzuk]]'' repressero brutalmente i ribelli, causando proteste pubbliche in Europa e negli [[Stati Uniti d'America]], con molti famosi intellettuali che condannarono le atrocità ottomane e sostennero la popolazione bulgara oppressa.

 

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In Europe, in the eighteenth century, the classic non-national states were the ''multi-ethnic empires'' such as the [[Ottoman Empire]], ruled by a [[Sultan]] and the population belonged to many ethnic groups, which spoke many languages. The idea of [[nation state]] was an increasing emphasis during the 19th century, on the [[ethnic]] and [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] origins of the nations. The most noticeable characteristic was the degree to which nation states use the state as an instrument of ''national unity'', in economic, social and cultural life. By the 19th century, the Ottomans had fallen well behind the rest of Europe in science, technology, and industry. However, the Bulgarian population was also suppressed socially and politically under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule. Additionally, more immediate causes for the greater mobilisation compared to earlier revolts were the severe internal and external problems which the Ottoman Empire experienced in the middle of the 1870s. In 1875, taxes levied on non-Muslims were raised for fear of a [[National bankruptcy|state bankruptcy]], which, in turn, caused additional tension between [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]] and facilitated the breakout of the [[Herzegovina Uprising (1875-1878)|Herzegovinian rebellion]] and the Stara Zagora revolt in Bulgaria. The failure of the Ottomans to handle the Herzegovinian uprising successfully showed the weakness of the Ottoman state while the brutalities which ensued, discredited additionally the empire to the outside world. In the late 19th century European ideas of [[nationalism]] were adopted by the Bulgarian elite.