Umajirushi: differenze tra le versioni
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[[File:O Uma Jirushi 3.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Varietà di disegni ''Uma-Jirushi'' del libro ''[[O Uma Jirushi]]''.]]
L' '''{{nihongo|Uma-jirushi|馬印|lit. insegna del cavallo}}''' erano le bandiere usate nel [[Giappone]] [[feudalesimo|feudale]] che identificavano i ''[[daimyo]]'' o comandanti militari sui campi di battaglia. Divennero particolarmente importanti durante il [[periodo Sengoku]]. Molte erano solo grandi bandiere, non così differenti dai ''[[sashimono]]'' o gli ''[[hata-jirushi]]'', ma altre avavano forme tridimensionali, come aquiloni, forme a campana, gong, ombrelli, o fiumi.
▲While these standards took many forms, they all fall into two broad categories: the ''ō-uma-jirushi'' and the ''ko-uma-jirushi'', the great standard and the lesser standard respectively. Poorer ''daimyo'' had just one, the lesser standard, while wealthier ''daimyo'' had both. In 1645, the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] formalized this, allowing ''daimyo'' with an income above 1300 ''[[koku]]'' to have a ''ko-uma-jirushi'', and ''daimyo'' earning more than 6000 ''[[koku]]'' to have an ''ō-uma-jirushi'' as well.
The ''ō-uma-jirushi'' was the nucleus of action on the battlefield, and while it aided the organization and morale of friendly troops, it also attracted the attention of enemy warriors. The carrier of the ''uma-jirushi'', therefore, was arguably the most dangerous position to be in on the field. The ''ō-uma-jirushi'' was sometimes held in a leather bucket attached to the carrier's belt; the especially large ones would often be securely strapped into a carrying frame on the warrior's back. The carrier was provided with ropes to steady the standard in the wind, or while running.
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