''' CorporatismCorporativismo''', alsonoto anche come known as ''' corporativismcorporatismo''',<ref>Waite, Duncan. In press. “Imperial Hubris: The Dark Heart of Leadership.” Journal of School Leadership; Waite, Duncan, Turan, Selhattin & Niño, Juan Manuel. (2013). “Schools for Capitalism, Corporativism, and Corruption: Examples from Turkey and the US.” In Ira Bogotch & Carolyn Shields (eds.), International Handbook of Social (In)Justice and Educational Leadership (pp. 619-642). Dordercht, The Netherlands: Springer; Waite, Duncan & Waite, Susan F. (2010). “Corporatism and its Corruption of Democracy and Education.” Journal of Education and Humanities, 1(2), 86-106</ref> isè theuna sociopoliticalforma organizationdi oforganizzazione asociopolitica societydella bysocietà majorsotto interestforma groups,di knowngruppi asdi interesse noti come [[ Corporate group (sociology)corporazione| corporate groupscorporazioni]] , suchdistinti asper agricultural, business, ethnic, labour, military, patronage, or scientific affiliations, on the basis of their common interestssettore.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKn2y2yS014C&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=%22system+of+social+organization+that+has+at+its+base+the+grouping+of+men+according+to+the+community+of+their+natural+interests%22&source=bl&ots=6F4pw17m4r&sig=HwOWSWx4kjI_Cq8i89H2ROvb414&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CBw-VN_jG4H8yQTVnYKYCg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22system%20of%20social%20organization%20that%20has%20at%20its%20base%20the%20grouping%20of%20men%20according%20to%20the%20community%20of%20their%20natural%20interests%22&f=false | title=Corporatism and Comparative Politics: The Other Great Ism | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | author=. Wiarda, Howard J | year=1996 | location=0765633671 | pages=22–23 | isbn=0765633671}}</ref> ItEsso issi theoreticallyfonda basedin onteoria the interpretation of a community as ansull'interpretazione [[ Organicismorganicismo| organicorganicista]] bodydella società.<ref>Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 27.</ref> The term corporatism is based on the Latin root word ''corpus'' (plural ''corpora'') meaning "body".<ref name="Clarke, Paul A. B. 2001. Pp. 113">Clarke, Paul A. B; Foweraker, Joe. ''Encyclopedia of democratic thought''. London, UK; New York, USA: Routledge, 2001. Pp. 113</ref> ▼{{About|the general social theory|business influence in politics|Corporatocracy|the process of reorganizing institutions on a corporate or business basis|Corporatization}}
Nel [[1881]] [[papa Leone XIII]] commissionò a teologici e pensatori uno studio del corporativismo al fine di darne una definizione. Nel [[1884]] [[Friburgo]] la commissione così costituita dichiarò che il corporativismo fosse un "sistema di organizzazione sociale che ha come fondamento il raggruppamento degli uomini in comunità fondate sui loro interessi e sulle loro funzioni sociali. Tali gruppi, in quanto veri e propri organi di Stato dirigono e coordinano il lavoro e il capitale in per quanto riguarda l'interesse collettivo".<ref name="Wiarda, Howard J. 1996. Pp. 35"/>
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▲'''Corporatism''', also known as '''corporativism''',<ref>Waite, Duncan. In press. “Imperial Hubris: The Dark Heart of Leadership.” Journal of School Leadership; Waite, Duncan, Turan, Selhattin & Niño, Juan Manuel. (2013). “Schools for Capitalism, Corporativism, and Corruption: Examples from Turkey and the US.” In Ira Bogotch & Carolyn Shields (eds.), International Handbook of Social (In)Justice and Educational Leadership (pp. 619-642). Dordercht, The Netherlands: Springer; Waite, Duncan & Waite, Susan F. (2010). “Corporatism and its Corruption of Democracy and Education.” Journal of Education and Humanities, 1(2), 86-106</ref> is the sociopolitical organization of a society by major interest groups, known as [[Corporate group (sociology)|corporate groups]], such as agricultural, business, ethnic, labour, military, patronage, or scientific affiliations, on the basis of their common interests.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKn2y2yS014C&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=%22system+of+social+organization+that+has+at+its+base+the+grouping+of+men+according+to+the+community+of+their+natural+interests%22&source=bl&ots=6F4pw17m4r&sig=HwOWSWx4kjI_Cq8i89H2ROvb414&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CBw-VN_jG4H8yQTVnYKYCg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22system%20of%20social%20organization%20that%20has%20at%20its%20base%20the%20grouping%20of%20men%20according%20to%20the%20community%20of%20their%20natural%20interests%22&f=false | title=Corporatism and Comparative Politics: The Other Great Ism | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | author=. Wiarda, Howard J | year=1996 | location=0765633671 | pages=22–23 | isbn=0765633671}}</ref> It is theoretically based on the interpretation of a community as an [[Organicism|organic]] body.<ref>Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 27.</ref> The term corporatism is based on the Latin root word ''corpus'' (plural ''corpora'') meaning "body".<ref name="Clarke, Paul A. B. 2001. Pp. 113">Clarke, Paul A. B; Foweraker, Joe. ''Encyclopedia of democratic thought''. London, UK; New York, USA: Routledge, 2001. Pp. 113</ref>
CorporatismIl iscorporativismo relatedè tocorrelato theal concetto [[ sociologysociologia| sociologicalsociologico]] concept ofdi [[ structuralfunzionalismo functionalismstrutturale]].<ref name="Adler, Franklin Hugh Pp. 349">Adler, Franklin Hugh.''Italian Industrialists from Liberalism to Fascism: The Political Development of the Industrial Bourgeoisie, 1906–34''. Pp. 349</ref> Corporate social interaction is common within [[kinship]] groups such as families, [[clan]]s and ethnicities.<ref name="Wiarda, Howard J 1996. Pp. 10">Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 10.</ref> In addition to humans, certain animal species like [[penguins]] exhibit strong corporate social organization.<ref name="Murchison, Carl Allanmore 1967. Pp. 150">Murchison, Carl Allanmore; Allee, Warder Clyde. ''A handbook of social psychology, Volume 1''. 1967. Pp. 150.</ref><ref name="Conwy Lloyd Morgan 2009. Pp. 14">Conwy Lloyd Morgan, Conwy Lloyd. ''Animal Behaviour''. Bibliolife, LLC, 2009. Pp. 14.</ref> Corporatist types of community and social interaction are common to many ideologies, including [[Absolutism (European history)|absolutism]], [[capitalism]], [[conservatism]], [[fascism]], [[liberalism]], [[progressivism]], [[Reactionary|reactionism]].<ref>Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 31-38, 44, 111, 124, 140.</ref> ▼In 1881, [[Pope Leo XIII]] commissioned theologians and social thinkers to study corporatism and provide a definition for it. In 1884 in [[Freiburg]], the commission declared that corporatism was a "system of social organization that has at its base the grouping of men according to the community of their natural interests and social functions, and as true and proper organs of the state they direct and coordinate labor and capital in matters of common interest".<ref name="Wiarda, Howard J. 1996. Pp. 35"/>
▲Corporatism is related to the [[sociology|sociological]] concept of [[structural functionalism]].<ref name="Adler, Franklin Hugh Pp. 349">Adler, Franklin Hugh.''Italian Industrialists from Liberalism to Fascism: The Political Development of the Industrial Bourgeoisie, 1906–34''. Pp. 349</ref> Corporate social interaction is common within [[kinship]] groups such as families, [[clan]]s and ethnicities.<ref name="Wiarda, Howard J 1996. Pp. 10">Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 10.</ref> In addition to humans, certain animal species like [[penguins]] exhibit strong corporate social organization.<ref name="Murchison, Carl Allanmore 1967. Pp. 150">Murchison, Carl Allanmore; Allee, Warder Clyde. ''A handbook of social psychology, Volume 1''. 1967. Pp. 150.</ref><ref name="Conwy Lloyd Morgan 2009. Pp. 14">Conwy Lloyd Morgan, Conwy Lloyd. ''Animal Behaviour''. Bibliolife, LLC, 2009. Pp. 14.</ref> Corporatist types of community and social interaction are common to many ideologies, including [[Absolutism (European history)|absolutism]], [[capitalism]], [[conservatism]], [[fascism]], [[liberalism]], [[progressivism]], [[Reactionary|reactionism]].<ref>Wiarda, Howard J., pp. 31-38, 44, 111, 124, 140.</ref>
Corporatism may also refer to economic [[tripartism]] involving negotiations between business, labour, and state interest groups to establish economic policy.<ref>Hans Slomp. ''European politics into the twenty-first century: integration and division''. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers, 2000. Pp. 81</ref> This is sometimes also referred to as neo-corporatism and is associated with [[social democracy]].<ref name="Social Democratic Corporatism and Economic Growth, 1988">''Social Democratic Corporatism and Economic Growth'', by Hicks, Alexander. 1988. The Journal of Politics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 677-704. 1988.</ref>
Analyst [[Andrei Piontkovsky]] also considers the present situation as "the highest and culminating stage of bandit capitalism in Russia”.<ref>[http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/4094.html#1 Putinism: highest stage of robber capitalism], by [[Andrei Piontkovsky]], The Russia Journal, February 7–13, 2000. The title is an allusion to work ''"[[Imperialism]] as the last and culminating stage of capitalism"'' by [[Vladimir Lenin]]</ref> He believes that "Russia is not corrupt. [[Political corruption|Corruption]] is what happens in all countries when businessmen offer officials large bribes for favors. Today’s Russia is unique. The businessmen, the politicians, and the bureaucrats are the same people."<ref>[http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=4852 Review of Andrei's Pionkovsky's ''Another Look Into Putin's Soul'' by the Honorable Rodric Braithwaite], [[Hoover Institute]]</ref>
==See alsoAltri progetti ==
{{Interprogetto|etichetta=corporativismo|wikt}}
{{colbegin||25em}}
* [[Corporate nationalism]]
* [[Corporate statism]]
* [[Cooperative]]
* [[Distributism]]
* [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]]
* [[Guild]]
* [[Guildism]]
* [[Mutualism (movement)]]
* [[Neofeudalism]]
* [[Quango]]
* [[Solidarism (disambiguation)]]
* [[Third Way (centrism)]]
{{colend}}
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
==References==
* Black, Antony (1984). ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Guilds_and_Civil_Society_in_European_Pol.html?id=oQMOAAAAQAAJ Guilds and civil society in European political thought from the twelfth century to present]''. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-416-73360-0.
* Wiarda, Howard J. (1997) ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Corporatism_and_Comparative_Politics.html?id=IKn2y2yS014C Corporatism and comparative politics]''. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-1-56324-716-3.
==Further reading==
* [[Nicola Acocella|Acocella, N.]] and Di Bartolomeo, G. [2007], ‘''Is corporatism feasible?''’, in: ‘''Metroeconomica''’, 58(2): 340-59.
* Jones, R. J. Barry. ''Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries A-F''. Taylor & Frances, 2001. ISBN 978-0-415-14532-9.
* Taha Parla and Andrew Davison, ''Corporatist Ideology in Kemalist Turkey Progress or Order?'', 2004, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 0-8156-3054-9
===On Italian corporatism===
* [[s:Constitution of Fiume|Constitution of Fiume]]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum_en.html ''Rerum novarum'': encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on capital and labor]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno_en.html ''Quadragesimo Anno'': encyclical of Pope Pius XI on reconstruction of the social order]
===On fascist corporatism and its ramifications===
* Baker, David, ''The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?'', '"New Political Economy'", Volume 11, Issue 2 June 2006, pages 227–250.
* Marra, Realino, ''Aspetti dell'esperienza corporativa nel periodo fascista'', "Annali della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza di Genova", XXIV-1.2, 1991–92, pages 366–79.
* There is an essay on "The Doctrine of Fascism" credited to [[Benito Mussolini]] that appeared in the 1932 edition of the ''Enciclopedia Italiana'', and excerpts can be read at [[Doctrine of Fascism]]. There are also links there to the complete text.
* My rise and fall, Volumes 1–2 – two autobiographies of Mussolini, editors Richard Washburn Child, [[Max Ascoli]], Richard Lamb, Da Capo Press, 1998
* [http://www.questia.com/read/74000467?title=My%20Autobiography The 1928 autobiography of Benito Mussolini. Online.] ''My Autobiography''. Book by Benito Mussolini; Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928. ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3.
* [[Benjamin Brown (scholar)|Benjamin Brown]], "Trade Unions, Strikes, and the Renewal of Halakhic Labor Law: Ideologies in the Rulings of Rabbis Kook, Uziel, and Feinstein" [https://www.academia.edu/25468524/Trade_Unions_Strikes_and_the_Renewal_of_Halakhic_Labor_Law_Ideologies_in_the_Rulings_of_Rabbis_Kook_Uziel_and_Feinstein_English_]
===On neo-corporatism===
* [[Peter Katzenstein|Katzenstein, Peter]]. ''Small States in World Markets: industrial policy in Europe.'' Ithaca, 1985. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9326-3.
* [[Mancur Olson|Olson, Mancur]]. ''[[The Logic of Collective Action|The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jzTeOLtf7_wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false]'' 1965, 1971. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-53751-4.
* Schmitter, P. C. and Lehmbruch, G. (eds.). ''Trends toward Corporatist Intermediation.'' London, 1979. ISBN 978-0-8039-9837-7.
* Rodrigues, Lucia Lima. "[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3657/is_200306/ai_n9301506/print Corporatism, liberalism and the accounting profession in Portugal since 1755]." ''Journal of Accounting Historians,'' June 2003.
== Collegamenti esterni ==
==External links==
* Giuseppe Bottai, «[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/corporativismo_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ CORPORATIVISMO]» la voce nella ''Enciclopedia Italiana - I Appendice'', Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1938.
{{Wiktionary}}
* A. Ans., «[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/corporativismo_res-869192c9-87e5-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ Corporativismo]» la voce nella ''Enciclopedia Italiana - II Appendice'', Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1948.
; Encyclopedias
* Daniela Parisi, «[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/corporativismo_(Il-Contributo-italiano-alla-storia-del-Pensiero:-Economia)/ Corporativismo]» in ''Il contributo italiano alla storia del pensiero - Economia'', Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2012.
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-138442/corporatism Corporatism] - [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online Encyclopedia
* {{Thesaurus BNCF}}
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001939 Corporatism] - [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]
; Articles
* [http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/corporatism.htm Professor Thayer Watkins, ''The economic system of corporatism''], [[San Jose State University]], Department of Economics
* [http://www.publiceye.org/fascist/corporatism.html Chip Berlet, "Mussolini on the Corporate State"], 2005, Political Research Associates;
* [http://www.banned-books.com/truth-seeker/1994archive/121_3/ts213l.html "Economic Fascism" by Thomas J. DiLorenzo], ''The Freeman'', Vol. 44, No. 6, June 1994, Foundation for Economic Education; Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, USA.
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