Garrett Systems: differenze tra le versioni
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[[Cliff Garrett|John Clifford "Cliff" Garrett]] fondò la società a [[Los Angeles]] nel 1936 come '''Garrett AiResearch''' o solo '''AiResearch'''.<ref>See "Built on Thin Air," ''Time Magazine'', November 16, 1962, retrieved at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,829434,00.html. The company was first named Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, then by early 1937 was renamed as Garrett Supply Company, and by 1939, AiResearch and shortly thereafter AiResearch Manufacturing Company, which then became a division within the Garrett Corporation. See Seymour L. Chapin, "Garrett and Pressurized Flight: A Business Built on Thin Air," ''Pacific Historical Review'' 35 (August 1966): 329-343; and William A. Schoneberger and Robert R. H. Scholl, ''Out of Thin Air: Garrett's First 50 Years'', Phoenix: Garrett Corporation, 1985 (ISBN 0-9617029-0-7).</ref> Già operativa la Garrett Supply and Airsupply, nel 1939 Cliff Garrett fondò un piccolo laboratorio "air research" per la pressurizzazione delle cabine degli aerei.<ref>Garrett AiResearch "AiReporter," October 1969, p. 3.</ref> "[AiResearch's] primo 'laboratorio' fu in un piccolo edificio sulla [[Melrose Avenue]] a Los Angeles".<ref name="AiReporter, cited previously">AiReporter, cited previously.</ref>
Nel 1939 Garrett creò la "Garrett Corporation" e le tre divisioni origini: Airsupply Division, Garrett Supply Division, e AiResearch Manufacturing Division. Necessitando di maggior spazio costruì una fabbrica a [[Glendale (California)]], e modificò il nome della società in AiResearch Manufacturing Company. Dal 1941, AiResearch si ingrandì, e il 28 aprile 1941 si spostò da Glendale a un sito che fino ad allora stava sulla [[Sepulveda Boulevard]], angolo [[Century Boulevard]] vicino Mines Field, che divenne poi il [[Los Angeles International Airport]].<ref>This facilility remained open until 1990, when operations were consolidated at previous facilities in [[Torrance (California)]]. "Relocations from Sepulveda Facility," "Spectrum," Allied Signal, December 1990.</ref> Nel 1942, la [[United States Army Air Forces]] stabilì che la vitale importanze della produzione delle cabine pressurizzate doveva essere nell'entroterra, lontano dalla costa, e AiResearch creò al AiResearch Phoenix Division a [[Phoenix|Phoenix (Arizona)]].<ref name="AiReporter, cited previously" /> Per questo motivo la AiResearch Manufacturing Company dell' Arizona fu creata come società autonoma sussidiaria.<ref>Schoneberger and Scholl, cited previously, p. 67.</ref>
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==Prodotti==
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By 1949, the Sepulveda Blvd. property was increasingly constrained by the demand for development of commercial space near the fast-growing Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). At that time, 2000 people worked at the facility "and Garrett was ranked one of the top three aircraft accessory manufacturers in the world".<ref>"Spectrum," cited previously.</ref> In 1959 ground was broken for construction of an additional facility at 190th Street and [[Crenshaw Boulevard]] in [[Torrance (California)]]. Part of that facility was occupied a year later. "By 1962, 1000 employees were working at the Torrance location and by 1972, 3000 employees were based there".<ref>"Spectrum," cited earlier.</ref> After a gradual series of moves, the Sepulveda facility was closed in 1990.<ref>"During this time, the Sepulveda property was under continual siege by the L.A. Department of Airports, the L.A. Planning Commission and others, desperate for this valuable piece of real estate. Offers received never came close to the property's true value. The early '60s brought the Dept. of Airports' first condemnation suit....Finding a buyer with a fair price, Allied Signal decided in Fall 1987 to close the Sepulveda plant...." "Spectrum", cited previously.</ref>
During the 1950s AiResearch initiated activities in the field of aircraft electronics, "first with an [[angle of attack|angle-of-attack]] computer to eliminate gunfire error and then with its first delivery of a complete centralized [[air data computer|air data system]]".<ref name="AiReporter, cited previously"/> In the 1950s and 1960s Garrett diversified and expanded. Garrett AiResearch designed and produced a wide range of military and industrial products for aerospace and general industry. It focused on fluid controls and [[hydraulics]], [[avionics]], [[turbocharger]]s, [[aircraft engine]]s, and [[Environmental Control System|environmental control systems]] for aircraft and spacecraft. "By 1960 Garrett gas turbines, cabin pressurization systems, air conditioners, and flight control systems were aboard the [[Convair 880]], [[Lockheed Super Constellation]], [[Vickers Viscount]], [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]], [[Douglas DC-8]], and [[Boeing 707]]. The company had also developed the first inflatable airliner [[evacuation slide]]s".<ref>
In the 1950s and 1960s Garrett pioneered the development of [[foil bearings]], which were first installed as original equipment on the [[McDonnell-Douglas DC-10]] in 1969 and then became standard equipment on all U.S. military aircraft.<ref>M. A. Barnett and A. Silver, "Application of Air Bearings to High-Speed Turbomachinery," Society of Automotive Engineers International, Technical Paper No. 700720 (September 1970), available at http://www.sae.org/servlets/productDetail?PROD_TYP=PAPER&PROD_CD=700720; Scholer Bangs, "Foil Bearings Help Air Passengers Keep their Cool," ''Power Transmission Design'' (February 1973).</ref> In the 1960s, AiResearch Environmental Control Systems provided the [[life support system|life supporting atmosphere]] for American astronauts in the projects [[Project Mercury|Mercury]], [[Project Gemini|Gemini]], [[Apollo program|Apollo]], and [[Skylab]].
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Garrett AiResearch is credited with inventing one of the first complete [[Microprocessor#CADC|microprocessors]], when it developed the 20-bit [[MP944]] [[Central Air Data Computer]] for the [[US Navy]]'s [[F-14 Tomcat]] fighter in 1968-1970.
On the industrial side, the first T-15 [[Turbocharger]] was delivered to the [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar Company]] in 1955.<ref>"Honeywell Celebrates 100 Years of Turbo; 50th Year of Garrett Turbocharged Vehicle," [http://wagnertech.wordpress.com/2005/08/02/honeywell-celebrates-100-years-of-turbo-50th-year-of-garrett%C2%AE-turbocharged-vehicle/ Wagner Tech's Mopar Blog, August 2, 2005].</ref> It was followed by an order for 5,000 production units, to be installed in the [[Caterpillar D9]] tractor. "On September 27, 1954, Cliff Garrett made the decision to separate the turbocharger group from the Gas Turbine department due to commercial [[diesel engine|diesel]] turbocharger opportunities. That was the beginning of the new AiResearch Industrial Division for turbocharger design and manufacturing". This new division was established in [[Phoenix|Phoenix (Arizona)]].<ref>[http://www.turbochargedpower.com/History.htm Turbo History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019020337/http://www.turbochargedpower.com/History.htm |date=October 19, 2008 }}</ref> AiResearch Industrial Division ("AID") would later be renamed Garrett Automotive.
Following the first phase of the Caterpillar project, Garrett turbochargers saw wider use on earth-moving equipment, in tractors, stationary powerplants, railroad locomotives and ships. The Garrett T11 automotive turbocharger came into being in 1960 and promptly became popular with diesel truck operators.
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