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File:Greenhouse Effect.svg

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Descrizione
English: This figure is a simplified, schematic representation of the flows of energy between space, the atmosphere, and the Earth's surface, and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and create the greenhouse effect. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2).

Data is from 2007 CERES satellite instruments, and specifically this diagram

Year 2021 update (not in diagram): Net absorbed energy (shown as 0.6) rose to above 1.0 W/m2 based on independent CERES and ocean heat content measurements.(see fig.1 in Loeb et al.(2021), Geoph. Res. Let 48 (13), doi:10.1029/2021GL093047)

The sun is responsible for virtually all energy that reaches the Earth's surface. Direct overhead sunlight at the top of the atmosphere provides 1366 W/m2; however, geometric effects and reflective surfaces limit the light which is absorbed at the typical location to an annual average of ~235 W/m2. If this were the total heat received at the surface, then, neglecting changes in albedo, the Earth's surface would be expected to have an average temperature of -18 °C (Lashof 1989). Of the surface heat captured by the atmosphere, more than 75% can be attributed to the action of greenhouse gases that absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface. The atmosphere in turn transfers the energy it receives both into space (38%) and back to the Earth's surface (62%), where the amount transferred in each direction depends on the thermal and density structure of the atmosphere. This process by which energy is recycled in the atmosphere to warm the Earth's surface is known as the greenhouse effect and is an essential piece of Earth's climate. Under stable conditions, the total amount of energy entering the system from solar radiation will exactly balance the amount being radiated into space, thus allowing the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature over time.

However, recent measurements indicate that the Earth is presently absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 W/m2 more than it emits into space (Hansen et al. 2005). An overwhelming majority of climate scientists believe that this asymmetry in the flow of energy has been significantly increased by human emissions of greenhouse gases [1]. This figure was created by Robert A. Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project.
Fonte
Autore Robert A. Rohde (Dragons flight di Wikipedia in inglese)
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Licenza

GNU head È permesso copiare, distribuire e/o modificare questo documento in base ai termini della licenza GNU Free Documentation License, solo versione 1.2, come pubblicata dalla Free Software Foundation; senza sezioni non modificabili, nessun testo copertina, e nessun testo di retro copertina. Una copia della licenza è inclusa nella sezione intitolata GNU Free Documentation License. 1,2 solo

References used in description

  • Kiehl, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E. (1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Association 78": 197-208.
  • Daniel A. Lashof (1989). "The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change". Climatic Change 14 (3): 213-242.
  • James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Josh Willis, Anthony Del Genio, Dorothy Koch, Andrew Lacis, Ken Lo, Surabi Menon, Tica Novakov, Judith Perlwitz, Gary Russell, Gavin A. Schmidt, Nicholas Tausnev (2005). "Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications". Science 308 (5727): 1431-1435.

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Energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and Earth's surface, with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorbing and emitting radiant heat, affecting Earth's energy balance.

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Data/OraMiniaturaDimensioniUtenteCommento
attuale17:12, 23 giu 2023Miniatura della versione delle 17:12, 23 giu 2023960 × 960 (7 KB)Efbrazilthermal radiation --> longwave radiation as per discussion
18:09, 22 mag 2023Miniatura della versione delle 18:09, 22 mag 2023960 × 960 (7 KB)Efbrazilgraphical tweaks
22:00, 19 mag 2023Miniatura della versione delle 22:00, 19 mag 2023960 × 960 (7 KB)EfbrazilFurther tweak to word wrap
19:56, 19 mag 2023Miniatura della versione delle 19:56, 19 mag 2023960 × 960 (7 KB)EfbrazilGraphic enhancements, content unchanged
20:05, 11 mag 2023Miniatura della versione delle 20:05, 11 mag 2023960 × 960 (7 KB)EfbrazilUpdating diagram to be based on newer data here: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows
22:04, 31 ago 2021Miniatura della versione delle 22:04, 31 ago 2021750 × 577 (21 KB)Dragons flightRevert to earlier version. Change is technically inaccurate. Energy flow balance requires that all forms of energy transfer are included, i.e. the land->atmosphere flow includes not only radiation but also conduction, convection, etc. Also, "heat radiation" appears to be colloquial.
23:35, 22 ago 2021Miniatura della versione delle 23:35, 22 ago 2021750 × 577 (21 KB)EfbrazilAll heat radiation is now the same color, it is not clear why that was not the case before
22:31, 22 ago 2021Miniatura della versione delle 22:31, 22 ago 2021750 × 577 (21 KB)EfbrazilA few text changes to make things more clear
19:42, 9 apr 2020Miniatura della versione delle 19:42, 9 apr 2020750 × 577 (21 KB)EfbrazilMinor edit, improving alignment of text with larger font for thumbnail view
19:06, 30 mar 2020Miniatura della versione delle 19:06, 30 mar 2020750 × 577 (21 KB)EfbrazilImproved fonts and alignment for thumbnail legibility
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