English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.): "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes: "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes: "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that: "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Licenza
This is a press photo, of which many were made available to the public in promotion of the film.
Photo contains no copyright notice on either front or back.
While a search with the U.S. Copyright Office does produce registration records for various musical recordings by Carnes, it yields no results pertaining to publicity materials, including photos, stills, or other works of a promotional nature, specifically from 1981, the year the photo was published.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
Quest'opera è nel pubblico dominio perché pubblicata negli Stati Uniti fra il 1978 ed il 1 marzo 1989 senza avviso di copyright, e non è stata successivamente registrata all'U.S. Copyright Office entro 5 anni. A meno che il suo autore non sia deceduto da diversi anni, è protetta da copyright nei Paesi o aree che non applicano la regola della durata più breve per le opere statunitensi, come Canada (50 pma), Cina (50 pma, ma non Hong Kong o Macao), Germania (70 pma), Messico (100 pma), Svizzera (70 pma)e altri Paesi con trattati individuali. Vedi questa pagina per ulteriori spiegazioni (in inglese).
Uploaded a work by EMI from [https://www.ebay.com/itm/353570996923?hash=item52527942bb:g:drQAAOSwQE9g4ihS&amdata=enc%3AAQAHAAAA4LunQJDtPiPaGNcfelvwpS2y1sk2F7YmzS3YoosJ%2FG2yM%2F7DQaxRUTSIqlpQV1q3alcL3Pl0nSYrof9qDs7bUGwRmuLah5AKnsGi6lnHSWOIxGRVpmCXtGIsJcgzpT8WLPydsZI6fxRsAG47KXuzUQAduk%2BxwmQ4zE2DenzBbvP%2FGK8JHN4YCkY43D8vWDdn3tt1txPVVnuN5gIWunhAUK3%2BBggzr2P5jRA2zqnN2kv2T5mY%2FY8diArsyUVtvM61mbndsLl45uHLEn1i697WQKyXZEZs0Ty8iAPNbg5IQIaQ%7Ctkp%3ABFBMmMXpvvxg eBay] with UploadWizard
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