Controllo di autorità: differenze tra le versioni

{{Citazione|Since the headings function as access points, making sure that they are distinct and not in conflict with existing entries is important. For example, the English novelist William Collins (1824–89), whose works include the Moonstone and The Woman in White is better known as Wilkie Collins. Cataloguers have to decide which name the public would most likely look under, and whether to use a see also reference to link alternative forms of an individual's name.|Moya K. Mason.<ref name=tws2NovYlfl>{{CitationCita pubblicazione | first = Moya K | last = Mason |title= Purpose of Authority Work and Files |datedata= November 25, 2012 | url= http://www.moyak.com/papers/libraries-bibliographic-control.html}}</ref><ref>{{CitationCita pubblicazione | last = Wynar | first = BS | year = 1992 | title = Introduction to Cataloguing and Classification | edition = 8th | place = Littleton, CO | publisher = Libraries Unlimited}}.</ref>}}

For example, the Irish writer [[Brian O'Nolan]], who lived from 1911 to 1966, wrote under many [[pen name]]s such as Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen. Catalogers at the United States Library of Congress chose one form—"O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966"—as the official heading.<ref>{{CitationCita pubblicazione | url = http://authorities.loc.gov/ | publisher = Library of Congress | title = Authorities files}}; the original record has been abbreviated for clarity.</ref> The example contains all three elements of a valid authority record: the first heading ''O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966'' is the form of the name that the [[Library of Congress]] chose as authoritative. In theory, every record in the catalog that represents a work by this author should have this form of the name as its author heading. What follows immediately below the heading beginning with ''Na Gopaleen, Myles, 1911–1966'' are the ''see'' references. These forms of the author's name will appear in the catalog, but only as transcriptions and not as headings. If a user queries the catalog under one of these variant forms of the author's name, he or she would receive the response: "See O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966." There is an apparent misspelling of a pen name: "Na gCopaleen, Myles, 1911–1966" has an extra "C" inserted. So if a library user comes across an incorrect spelling of the pen name, he or she will be led to the proper spelling regardless. ''See also'' references, which point from one authorized heading to another authorized heading, are exceedingly rare for personal name authority records, although they often appear in name authority records for corporate bodies. The final four entries in this record beginning with ''His At Swim-Two-Birds ... 1939.'' constitute the justification for this particular form of the name: it appeared in this form on the 1939 edition of the author's novel ''At Swim-Two-Birds'', whereas the author's other ''noms de plume'' appeared on later publications.

[[File:Sample Catalog Record.png|thumb|350px|Card catalog records such as this one used to be physical cards contained in long rectangular drawers in a library; today, generally, this information is stored in online databases.<ref name = "Calhoun">{{CitationCita pubblicazione | first = Karen | last = Calhoun | publisher = Cornell University Library | url = http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/informatics/taf/proceedings/Calhoun.html | title = A Bird's Eye View of Authority Control in Cataloging}}.</ref>]]

In the United States, the primary organization for maintaining cataloging standards with respect to authority work operates under the aegis of the [[Library of Congress]], and is known as the Name Authority Cooperative Program, or NACO Authority.<ref>{{citeCita web|url=http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/naco/ |title=NACO Home: NACO (Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), Library of Congress) |publisher=Loc.gov |datedata= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>

* ISAAR (CPF) – [[International Standard Archival Authority Record]] for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families.<ref>http://www.ica.org/en/node/30230 {{Collegamento interrotto|data=December 2011}}</ref>{{Collegamento interrotto|data=December 2011}} Published by the International Council on Archives<ref>{{citeCita web|url=http://www.ica.org/ |title=ICArchives : Page d'accueil : Accueil |publisher=Ica.org |datedata= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>

* MARC standards for authority records in machine-readable format.<ref>{{citeCita web|author=Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office |url=http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/ecadhome.html |title=MARC 21 Format for Authority Data: Table of Contents (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress) |publisher=Loc.gov |datedata= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>