Utente:Torredibabele/Sandbox: differenze tra le versioni

In ciascuna fase, le quote totali che ogni stato membro deve assegnare sono specificate nei Piani di Assegnazione Nazionali. La Commissione Europea supervisiona tali piani e stabilisce se soddisfano i criteri elenacati nell'Allegato III della direttiva sullo scambio di quote di emissioni (2003/87/EC). Criterio fondamentale è che la quantità di quote proposta sia coerente con gli obiettivi di Kyoto dello stato membro.

 

 

During Phase I, most allowances in all countries were given freely (known as [[grandfather clause|grandfathering]]). This approach has been criticized{{By whom|date=May 2010}} as giving rise to [[windfall gain|windfall profit]]s, being less efficient than auctioning, and providing too little incentive for innovative new competition to provide clean, renewable energy.<ref>[http://assets.panda.org/downloads/171envteffectivenessaexecsummaryv60.pdf Öko-Institut report: "The environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of the EU ETS] WWF November 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.climnet.org/component/docman/doc_download/1147-0506napreport.html NAPs 2005-7: Do they deliver?] Climate Action Network Europe 2006</ref> On the other hand, allocation rather than auctioning may be justified for a few sectors, e.g., aluminium and steel, that face international competition, and where the price of carbon is important (Neuhoff, 2009;<ref name=neuhoff>{{Cite book