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{{ts|lingua=inglese|argomento=musica|data=aprile 2007}}
 
In [[musica]] la '''tessitura''' identifica un particolare campo di [[frequenza|frequenze]] o di [[timbro|timbri]] propri di uno [[strumento musicale]]. Può anche essere riferito alla parte della [[voce]] di un [[cantante]] che ha la migliore resa sonora e un timbro adeguato.
 
Nella [[notazione musicale]], inoltre, la tessitura è l'insieme delle [[nota|note]] che sono racchiuse da una [[chiave musicale|chiave]].
 
 
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tessitura contrappuntistica, (mus.) l'insieme delle parti vocali o strumentali che, intrecciandosi, formano il tessuto armonico e melodico
 
In [[music]], '''texture''' is the overall quality of sound of a [[piece (music)|piece]], most often indicated by the number of [[melody|voices]] in the music and by the the relationship between these voices (see [[#Types of texture|types of texture]] below). A piece's texture may be further described using terms such as "thick" and "light", "rough" or "smooth". For example, [[Aaron Copland]]'s more popular pieces are described as having an "open" texture. The perceived texture of a piece can be affected by the number and character of parts playing at once, the [[timbre]] of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the [[harmony]], [[tempo]], and [[rhythm]]s used.
 
==Types of texture==
In musicology, particularly in the fields of [[music history]] and [[music analysis]], some common terms for different types of texture are:
 
*''[[Monophonic]]'' - one melodic voice without harmonic accompaniment (although rhythmic accompaniment may be present).
*''[[Polyphonic]]'' - multiple melodic voices which are to some extent independent from one another.
*''[[Homophonic]]'' - multiple voices where one voice, the melody, stands out prominently and the other voices form a background of harmonic accompaniment. If all the parts have the same, or nearly the same, rhythm, then the homophonic texture can also be described as [[homorhythm|homorhythmic]].
*''[[Heterophonic]]'' - a musical texture in which the voices are different in character, moving in contrasting rhythms. The voices may play a single melody with simultaneous variations in that melody, or they may play substantially different melodies. (Heterophony can be considered a sub-category of polyphony, or an embellished/"ragged" form of monophony, or some mixture of the two).
(Hanning, 1998, and Copland).
 
Although in music instruction certain styles or repertoires of music are often identified with one of these descriptions (for example, [[Gregorian chant]] is described as monophonic, [[Bach]] [[Chorale]]s are described as homophonic and [[fugue]]s as polyphonic), many composers use more than one type of texture in the same piece of music.
 
A [[simultaneity]] is more than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time, rather than in [[succession]].
 
A more recent type of texture first used by [[György Ligeti]] is [[micropolyphony]]. Other textures include [[homorhythmic]], [[polythematic]], [[polyrhythmic]], [[onomatopoeic]], compound, and mixed or composite textures (Corozine 2002, p.34).
 
==Sources==
*Copland, Aaron. ''What to Listen for in Music''. Published by Signet Classic, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY.
*Corozine, Vince (2002). ''Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects''. ISBN 0-7866-4961-5.
*Hanning, Barbara Russano, ''Concise History of Western Music'', based on Donald Jay Grout & Claudia V. Palisca's '''A History of Western Music''', Fifth Edition. Published by [http://www.wwnorton.com W W Norton & Company], New York, Copyright 1998. ISBN 0-393-97168-6.
 
==Further reading==
*Hyer, Brian: 'Homophony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>
*Frobenius, Wolf: 'Polyphony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>
*'Monophony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>
 
==External links==
*[http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/liske/musicalelements/textureframes.html A Guide to Musical Texture with multimedia]
 
 
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