Distacco intempestivo di placenta: differenze tra le versioni
Contenuto cancellato Contenuto aggiunto
m +WIP |
m salvataggio fonti |
||
Riga 20:
Il distacco di placenta si verifica in circa 0,5-1 casi ogni 200 gravidanze.<ref name=Shef2014/> Nella maggioranza dei casi si verifica un distacco parziale.
==Eziologia e patogenesi==
Esistono numerosi fattori e/o condizioni predisponenti al distacco intempestivo di placenta anche se talora non è possibile riconoscere una causa scatenante. r
* [[Pre-eclampsia]]Pre-eclampsia <ref name="patient" />
* [[Diabete gestazionale]]<ref name="gdm">{{cite journal|title=Placental abruption in the United States, 1979 through 2001: Temporal trends and potential determinants |year=2005|last1=Ananth |first1=V |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=192 |issue=1 |page=191–198|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937804005757}}</ref>
* [[Anemia]]<ref name="gdm"/>
* [[Ipertensione arteriosa]] gravidica o pre-gravidica<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ananth|first1=CV|last2=Savitz|first2=DA|last3=Williams|first3=MA|title=Placental abruption and its association with hypertension and prolonged rupture of membranes: a methodologic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Obstetrics and gynecology|date=August 1996|volume=88|issue=2|pages=309-18|pmid=8692522}}</ref>
* [[Fumo di sigaretta]] durante la gravidanza<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00408-6 |title=Incidence of placental abruption in relation to cigarette smoking and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of observational studies |year=1999 |last1=Ananth |first1=C |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=93 |issue=4 |page=622}}</ref>
* Brevità del funicolo ombelicale per trazione reiterata sulla placenta durante i movimenti fetali
* Inserzione velamentosa del funicolo ombelicale<ref name="gdm"/>
* Rottura delle membrane con travaglio maggiore di 24 ore<ref name="rottura">{{cite journal|last1=Ananth|first1=CV|last2=Savitz|first2=DA|last3=Williams|first3=MA|title=Placental abruption and its association with hypertension and prolonged rupture of membranes: a methodologic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Obstetrics and gynecology|date=August 1996|volume=88|issue=2|pages=309-18|pmid=8692522}}</ref>
* Trombofilia <ref name="patient">{{cite web|url=http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Placenta-and-Placental-Problems.htm |title=Placenta and Placental Problems | Doctor |publisher=Patient.co.uk |date=2011-03-18 |accessdate=08-12-2014}}</ref>
* Multiparietà <ref name="patient" />
* Gravidanze multiple<ref name="patient" />
* [[Parto pre-termine]]<ref name="gdm"/>
* [[Leiomiomi uterini]] retro-placentari
* Età materna inferiore a 20 anni o superiore a 35 anni
* Precedenti gravidanze complicate da distacco placentare<ref name="rottura"/>
* Traumi materni
* Infezioni materne
* Pregresso [[taglio cesareo]]<ref name="patient" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Klar|first1=M|last2=Michels|first2=KB|title=Cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies--a meta-analysis.|journal=Journal of perinatal medicine|date=September 2014|volume=42|issue=5|pages=571-83|pmid=24566357}}</ref>
*Abuso di [[cocaina]]<ref name="pmid2038082">{{cite journal |pmid=2038082 |year=1991 |last1=Flowers |first1=D |last2=Clark |first2=JF |last3=Westney |first3=LS |title=Cocaine intoxication associated with abruptio placentae |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=230–2 |pmc=2627035 |journal=Journal of the National Medical Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cressman|first1=AM|last2=Natekar|first2=A|last3=Kim|first3=E|last4=Koren|first4=G|last5=Bozzo|first5=P|title=Cocaine abuse during pregnancy.|journal=Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC|date=July 2014|volume=36|issue=7|pages=628-31|pmid=25184982}}</ref>
==Note==
| |||