Heinrich Pesch: differenze tra le versioni
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| Nazionalità = tedesco
| Immagine = Heinrich_Pesch.jpg
|PostNazionalità = , esponente di spicco del [[solidarismo]] cristiano.<ref>Wishloff, Jim. "Solidarist Economics: The Legacy of Heinrich Pesch," ''Review of Business'' '''27''' (2), 2006, pp. 33-46.</ref><ref>Mueller, Franz H. "Social Economics: The Perspective of Pesch on Solidarism," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''35''' (3), 1977.</ref><ref>Barron, Randall. "Solidarism and Heinrich Pesch," ''Forum for Social Economics'' '''12''' (1), 1982.</ref><ref>Tomanek, Jared Q. [http://distributistreview.com/mag/2012/01/heinrich-pesch-on-solidarist-economics/ "Heinrich Pesch on Solidarist Economics,"] ''The Distributist Review,'' January 18, 2012.</ref> La sua opera principale, ''Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie'',<ref>"The monumental work of the German Jesuit Heinrich Pesch, ''Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie,'' created an economic and social doctrine called ''solidarism''. Pesch based his economic analysis on the bond, factual and moral, which unites the members of society with one another and the social whole, and the whole with its members. Since man is a being not merely social by nature, but whose actual existence is always in a concrete social environment, the abstract theories of individualism can neither explain nor guide society; on the other hand the socialist theories which tend toward denial and destruction of individual life make an equally unreal abstraction. Solidarism, a mean between these extremes, bases social unity on human nature and the common good.
Since solidarism is a directive or ethical principle as well as an explicative principle it must be based on moral reality. The moral
principle of social life is the common good. The basis of solidarism is the principle of the mutual rights and duties of society and its
members. Pesch called this principle social justice." — Shields, Leo W. [https://archive.org/stream/historymeaningof00shie#page/n1/mode/2up ''The History and Meaning of the Term Social Justice,''] Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Notre Dame, 1941, p. 37.</ref> è considerata una fonte dell'enciclica sociale di [[Papa Pio XI]] [[Quadragesimo anno]].<ref>Grosschmid, Geza B. "Pesch's Concept of the Living Wage in 'Quadragesimo Anno'," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''12''' (2), 1954.</ref><ref>Ederer, Rupert J. "Heinrich Pesch, Solidarity, And Social Encyclicals," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''49''' (4), 1991.</ref><ref>Krason, Stephen M. [http://cssronline.org/CSSR/Archival/2009/Krason%20-%20Church%20&%20Public%20Affairs.pdf "Principles of Heinrich Pesch's Solidarism,"] ''The Catholic Social Science Review'' '''14''', 2009, pp. 477-483.</ref>
}}
==Biografia==
Teorizzò il [[solidarismo]] [[Cristianesimo|cristiano]], un sistema fondato su valori morali di solidarietà sociale dove gli individui pongano in secondo piano i loro interessi privati a favore di quelli collettivi.▼
Nato a Colonia il 17 settembre 1854 Heinrich Pesch era il fratello del [[neoscolastica|teologo neoscolastico]] gesuita Tillmann Pesch. Dopo aver studiato legge a [[Bonn]] Pesch entrò nella [[Compagnia di Gesù]] nel 1876. Fece il suo noviziato con i gesuiti tedeschi in esilio nei [[Paesi Bassi]]. Pesch fu inviato a Bleijenbeek nel [[Limburgo (Paesi Bassi)|Limburgo]] per compiervi gli studi di filosofia (1878-1881). Completò gli studi teologici a Ditton Hall in [[Inghilterra]] (1884-1888). Mentre si trovava in Inghilterra, Pesch tenne lezioni per alcuni anni alla scuola gesuitica ''Stella Matutina''. Fu ordinato sacerdote nel 1888.
Dal [[1892]] al [[1900]], Pesch fu direttore del [[seminario]] [[teologia|teologico]] di [[Magonza]], dove scrisse la sua prima opera, ''Liberalism, Socialism and Christian Order''. Grazie alle conferenze del pubblicista Rudolf Meyer, Pesch entrò in contatto con le idee di [[Karl Marx|Marx]] e [[Johann Karl Rodbertus|Rodbertus]]. Dopo avere approfondito gli studi economici con [[Gustav von Schmoller|Schmoller]] e [[Adolph Wagner|Wagner]] a [[Berlino]] (1900-1902), Pesch si trasferì in [[Lussemburgo]] e lavorò alla sua opera principale ''Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie''. Morì nel 1926.
==Pensiero economico==
▲
La sua dottrina può essere considerata un ponte tra il pensiero sociale cattolico espresso nell'[[enciclica]] ''[[Rerum novarum]]'' ([[1891]]) di [[Leone XIII]] e quello teorizzato nella ''[[Quadragesimo anno]]'' ([[1931]]) di [[Pio XI]].
Line 32 ⟶ 42:
== Opere ==
==Works==
* [https://archive.org/stream/liberalismussoc00pescgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Liberalismus, Socialismus und Christliche Gesellschaftsordnung,''] [https://archive.org/stream/liberalismussozi02pescuoft#page/n3/mode/2up Vol. 2], Herder, 1900.
* [https://archive.org/stream/lehrbuchdernati00pescgoog#page/n9/mode/2up ''Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie,''] Freiburg im Breisgau, Herder, 1905-23 (5 Vol.)
* [https://archive.org/stream/diesocialebefh00pescuoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''Die Soziale Befähigung der Kirche,''] Verlag der Germania, 1911.
* [https://archive.org/stream/ethikundvolkswir00pesc#page/n7/mode/2up ''Ethik und Volkswirtschaft,''] Herdersche Verlagshandlung, 1918.
== Note ==
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* Gerhard Kreyssig, ''Der Solidarismus als sozialwissenschaftliches Prinzip in der Formulierung durch Heinrich Pesch'', Diss. Univ. Leipzig, 1925.
* Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ''Dizionario di dottrina sociale della Chiesa: scienze sociali e magistero'', Vita e Pensiero, 2004 -
==Approfondimenti==
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* O'Boyle, Edward J. "Contributions of German and American Jesuits to Economics: The Last 100 Years," ''Forum for Social Economics'' '''31''' (2), Spring 2002.
* Briefs, Goetz. "Economics of Heinrich Pesch," ''Social Order'' '''3''', December 1953.
* Briefs, Goetz. "Pesch and his Contemporaries," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''41''' (3), 1983.
* Ederer, Rupert J. "Juan Donoso Cortes, Heinrich Pesch and Solidarism: An Ethical Economic System," ''Social Justice Review'' '''72''', July 1981.
* Ederer, Rupert J. "Solidarity, From Dogma to Economic System: Juan Donoso Cortes and Heinrich Pesch, S. J." ''International Journal of Social Economics'' '''8''' (5), 1981.
* Ederer, Rupert J. "Heinrich Pesch's Solidarism and Boris Ischboldin's Scientific Reformism," ''International Journal of Social Economics'' '''8''' (7), 1981.
* Harris, Abram L. "The Scholastic Revival: The Economics of Heinrich Pesch," ''Journal of Political Economy'' '''54''' (1), Feb., 1946.
* Nell-Breuning, Oswald Von. "Peschian Interest Theory," ''Social Order'' '''1''', April 1951.
* Messner, Johannes. "Fifty Years After the Death of Heinrich Pesch," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''34''' (2), October, 1976.
* Montes, Guillermo. "The Scope of Economics and Related Questions: The Peschian View," ''Catholic Social Science Review'' '''2''', 1997.
* Mulcahy, Richard E. "The Welfare Economics of Heinrich Pesch," ''The Quarterly Journal of Economics'' '''63''' (3), Aug., 1949.
* Mulcahy, Richard E. "Economic Freedom in Pesch," ''Social Order'' '''1''', April 1951.
* Mulcahy, Richard E. ''The Economics of Heinrich Pesch.'' New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1952.
* Müller, Franz H. ''Heinrich Pesch and his Theory of Christian Solidarism,'' The College of St. Thomas, 1941.
* Müller, Franz H. "The Principle of Solidarity in the Teachings of Father Henry Pesch, S. J.," ''Review of Social Economy'' '''4''' (1), 1946.
* Müller, Franz H. "Rejecting Right and Left: Heinrich Pesch and Solidarism," ''Thought'' '''26''', December 1951.
* Müller, Franz H. "Heinrich Pesch, SJ, 1854–1926: Social Economist in a Cassock", ''International Journal of Social Economics'' '''11''', 1984.
* Schuyler, J. B. "Pesch and Christian Solidarism," ''Catholic Mind'' '''42''', June 1944.
* Yenni, J. "Pesch's Goal of the Economy," ''Social Order'' '''1''', April 1951.
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==Collegamenti esterni==
* [http://mellenpress.com/author/heinrich-pesch/4729/ Author page] at Edwin Mellen Press
* [http://insidethevatican.com/news/analysis/the-longest-economics-textbook The Longest Economics Textbook]
* [http://www.crisismagazine.com/2014/rediscovering-heinrich-pesch-and-solidarism Rediscovering Heinrich Pesch and Solidarism]
* [http://www.mayoresearch.org/files/JESUIT%20LEGACY%20may042011.pdf The Legacy of Solidarist Economics in the United States]
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