Utente:Odexios/Working Area
These are an updated version of full-body swimwear, which has been available for centuries, but complies with Islam's traditional emphasis on modest dress. They are also increasingly stylish, such as incorporating intricate sequin designs with miniskirts that go over long pants. Indonesia based ZEHBA is one of the key players in the Muslim identity apparel industry while they are increasingly popular in Turkey, Malaysia, US, Australasia and Europe.
- Burqini: Designed by Lebanese Australian Aheda Zanetti for Muslim women, the suit covers the whole body except the face, the hands and the feet (enough to preserve Muslim modesty), but is light enough to enable swimming. The name "burqini" is a portmanteau of burqa and bikini.
In Egypt, the term "Sharia swimsuit" is used to describe full-body swimwear.[1]
Men's swimsuits or swimming trunks modifica
- Briefs: The style varies from a speedo to thongs or g-string.
- Boardshorts: The length goes down to the knees. Most French swimming pools forbid these for sanitary reasons.
- Lifeguard shorts: a loose mid thigh short, usually made of 100% polyester fabric. Like spandex-based swimsuits, they dry relatively fast. In the 1990s, they were the most popular bathing suit in the United States and were highly popularized thanks in part to TV shows like Baywatch. Today, they have been eclipsed by boardshorts. Lifeguard shorts are often referred to simply as trunks or shorts
- Jammers: a type of men's swimwear worn primarily by competitive athletes to obtain speed advantages. They are made of nylon and lycra/spandex material and have a form fitting design to reduce water resistance. They provide moderate coverage from the mid-waist to the area above the knee, somewhat resembling compression shorts worn by many athletes. They provide greater leg coverage than speedos or competitive briefs, although they also have slightly more water resistance.
Competitive swimwear modifica
Unlike regular swimsuits, which are designed mainly for the physical appearances, competitive swimwear is manufactured for the purpose of aiding athletes in swim competitions. They reduce friction and drag in the water, increasing the efficiency of the swimmer's forward motion. The tight fits allow for easy movement and are said to reduce muscle vibration,[2] thus reducing drag. Starting around 2000, in an effort to improve the effectiveness of the swimsuits, engineers have taken to designing them to replicate the skin of sea based animals, sharks in particular.[3]
These swim suits are created in order to make water resistance as minimal as possible and thus allowing a swimmer to move more efficiently in water. The company Speedo, for example, came out with a swimsuit called “Fastskin”. It was discovered by scientists studying sharkskin that human skin is inadequate at “slicing” the water because of its porous design.[4] Sharkskin is made of scales spaced very closely together called dermal denticles. It is the grooves in between the scales that produce drag resistant skin.[5] The ridges allow water to pass around the shark more efficiently. These days, Speedo launched a new swimsuit called "Fastskin LZR RACER". Scientists have carried out a global 3D body scanning exercise involving some 400 athletes to discover more about the precise shape of their bodies. A well-established methodology, Computational fluid dynamics, has been used in the research of "Fastskin LZR RACER". Computational Fluid Dynamics, which can predict how existing and new product designs will behave in real-world environments, has been used to evaluate the friction, pressure and fluid flow characteristics around swimmers. Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis was used to indicate where most drag occurs on the swimmer’s body thereby allowing Speedo to be able to optimise the design of Speedo LZR RACER suit by understanding where to eliminate drag most effectively.
History modifica
In Classical antiquity swimming and bathing was most often done nude. In some settings coverings were used. Murals at Pompeii show women wearing two-piece suits covering the areas around their breasts and hips in a fashion remarkably similar to a bikini of ca. 1960. After this, the notion of special water apparel seems to have been lost for centuries.
In various cultural traditions one swims, if not in the nude, in a version in suitable material of a garment or undergarment commonly worn on land, e.g. a loincloth such as the Japanese man's fundoshi.
In the 18th century women wore "bathing gowns" in the water; these were long dresses of fabrics that would not become transparent when wet, with weights sewn into the hems so that they would not rise up in the water. The men's swim suit, a rather form-fitting wool garment with long sleeves and legs similar to long underwear, was developed and would change little for a century.
In the 19th century, the woman's two piece suit became common—the two pieces being a gown from shoulder to knees plus a set of trousers with leggings going down to the ankles.
In the Victorian era, popular beach resorts were commonly equipped with bathing machines designed to avoid the exposure of people in swimsuits, especially to people of the opposite sex.
In 1907 the swimmer Annette Kellerman from Australia visited the United States as an "underwater ballerina", a version of synchronized swimming involving diving into glass tanks. She was arrested for indecent exposure because her swimsuit showed arms, legs and the neck. Kellerman changed the suit to have long arms and legs and a collar, still keeping the close fit that revealed the shapes underneath. She later starred in several movies, including one about her life.
After this event, bathing wear started to shrink, first uncovering the arms and then the legs up to mid-thigh. Collars receded from around the neck down to around the top of the bosom. The development of new fabrics allowed for new varieties of more comfortable and practical swim wear.
Due to the figure-hugging nature of these garments, glamour photography since the 1940s and 1950s has often featured people wearing swimsuits. This subset of glamour photography eventually evolved into swimsuit photography exemplified by the Sports Illustrated annual swimsuit issues.
The first bikinis were introduced just after World War II. Early examples were not very different from the women's two pieces common since the 1920s, except that they had a gap below the breast line allowing for a section of bare midriff. They were named after Bikini Atoll, the site of several nuclear weapons tests, for their supposed explosive effect on the viewer.
Through the 1950s, it was thought proper for the lower part of the bikini to come up high enough to cover the navel. From the 1960s on, the bikini shrank in all directions until it sometimes covered little more than the nipples and genitalia, although less revealing models giving more support to the breasts remained popular. At the same time, Fashion designer Rudi Gernreich introduced the monokini, a topless suit for women consisting of a modest bottom supported by two thin straps. Although not a commercial success, the suit opened eyes to new design possibilities. In the 1980s the thong or "tanga" came out of Brazil, said to have been inspired by traditional garments of native tribes in the Amazon. However, the one-piece suit continued to be popular for its more modest approach.
thumb|right|150px|American postcard, 1907 Men's swimsuits developed roughly in parallel to women's during this period, with the shorts covering progressively less. Eventually racing-style "speedo" suits became popular—and not just for their speed advantages. Thongs, G-strings, and bikini style suits are also worn, typically these are more popular in more tropical regions such as the coastline of the West, South, Southeast United States, the Caribbean islands, western Europe and the Mediterranean; however, they may also be worn at public swimming pools and inland lakes. But in the 1990s, longer and baggier shorts became popular, with the hems often reaching to the knees. These were often worn lower on the hips than regular shorts.
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See also modifica
External links modifica
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Odexios/Working Area- History of Fashional Bathing Suits on Victoriana.com starting in late 1700s; awkward JavaScript navigation
- National Geographic look at swimsuits of the 1900 - 2000 era
- Bikiniology An extensive study of types and styles of female swimwear.
- Blog on Swimwear and Fashions for Muslim Women
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