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Riga 46: In 2003, Jennifer Lee Carrell published ''The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox'', which recounts the tale of Lady Mary's struggle to bring inoculation to London, drawing heavily on her diaries and personal correspondence. --> == Ottoman smallpox inoculation ==▼ [[File:Memorial to Lady Mary Wortley Montague in Lichfield Cathedral.jpg\|thumb\|Memorial to the Rt. Hon. Lady Mary Wortley Montague erected in [[Lichfield Cathedral]] by Henrietta Inge.]] ▲==Ottoman smallpox inoculation== Lady Mary Wortley Montagu sovvertì le convenzioni del tempo introducendo l'inoculazione del [[vaiolo]] nella medicina occidentale, dopo esserne stata testimone durante i suoi viaggi e la permanenza nell'[[Impero Ottomano]]. Durante la permanenza nell'Impero Ottomano aveva avuto la possibilità di visitare le donne segregate nelle [[zenana]], stanze riservate alle donne, intrecciando amicizie e apprendendo i costumi turchi.<ref>Rosenhek, Jackie.''Safe Smallpox Inoculations''Doctor's Review: Medicine on the Move, Feb 2005. Web. 10 Nov 2015. [http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/feb05-history/ Safe Smallpox Inoculations].</ref> Durante queste visite fu testimone della pratica dell'inoculazione contro il vaiolo o [[variolazione]]—che ella chiamò "innesto", è la descrisse in molte delle sue lettere.<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997. Print.</ref> La variolazione utilizzava virus vivi presi dal pus raccolto dalle pustole del vaiolo in casi lievi della malattia e li introduceva in una scarificazione della cute di individui non affetti per promuovere l'immunità verso la malattia.<ref>Rosenhek, Jackie.''Safe Smallpox Inoculations''Doctor's Review: Medicine on the Move, Feb 2005. Web. 10 Nov 2015. [http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/feb05-history/ Safe Smallpox Inoculations]</ref> Il fratello di Lady Mary era morto di vaiolo nel 1713 e la famosa bellezza di Mary Wortley era stata deturpata dalla malattia nel 1715.<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997. Print.</ref> When Lady Mary was in the Ottoman Empire, she discovered the local practice of inoculation against smallpox – [[variolation]]. Unlike [[Edward Jenner\| Jenner's]] later [[vaccination]], which used cowpox, variolation used a small measure of smallpox itself. Lady Mary's own brother had died of the disease, and her own famous beauty had been marred by a bout with the disease, prior to her visit to Turkey. She was eager to spare her children similar suffering, and had them inoculated while in Turkey. On her return to London, she enthusiastically promoted the procedure, but encountered a great deal of resistance from the medical establishment both because it was an "Oriental" process and because of her gender. However, the British royal family had their own children inoculated.<ref>{{Cite web \| title = Sequence 263 (Page 59): Montagu, Mary Wortley. Letters of the Right Honourable Lady M--y W---y M----e :written, during her travels in Europe, Asia and Africa, to persons of distinction, men of letters, &c. in different parts of Europe : which contain, amo \| accessdate = 2008-08-27 \| url = http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/7320431?n=263 }}</ref> Lady Mary era ansiosa di proteggere i suoi bambini, pertanto nel marzo 1718 fece inoculare i figlio di quasi cinque anni con l'aiuto del chirurgo dell'ambasciata Charles Maitland.<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997. Print.</ref> Al rientro a Londra ella promosse la pratica della variolizzazione con entusiasmo, ma incontrò molta resistenza da parte della classe medica perché la pratica apparteneva alla tradizione popolare di un paese orientale.<ref>Grundy, Isobel.''Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> Nell'aprile 1721, quando un'epidemia di vaiolo colpì l'Inghilterra, fece inoculare la figlia dallo stesso [[Charles Maitland]] che aveva inoculato il figlio e diede risalto alla cosa.<ref>Grundy, Isobel.''Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> <!--This was the first such operation done in Britain.<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997. Print.</ref> She persuaded Princess Caroline to test the treatment. In August 1721, seven prisoners at Newgate Prison awaiting execution were offered the chance to undergo variolation instead of execution: they all survived and were released.<ref>Grundy, Isobel.''Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> Controversy over smallpox inoculation intensified, however, Caroline, Princess of Wales was convinced. The Princess's two daughters were successfully inoculated in April 1722 by French-born surgeon [[Claudius Amyand (surgeon)\|Claudiius Amyand]].<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997. Print.</ref> In response to the general fear of inoculation, Lady Mary, under a pseudonym, wrote and published an article describing and advocating in favor of inoculation in September 1722.<ref>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Selected Letters. Ed. Isobel Grundy. Penguin Books, 1997.Print.</ref>--> Anni dopo [[Edward Jenner]], tredicenne quando Lady Mary morì, sviluppo la tecnica più sicura della [[vaccinazione]] utilizzando il vaiolo bovino anzichè quello umano. Mano a mano che la vaccinazione prendeva piede la variolizzazione venne abbandonata. <ref>Rosenhek, Jackie.''Safe Smallpox Inoculations''Doctor's Review: Medicine on the Move, Feb 2005. Web. 10 Nov 2015. [http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/feb05-history/ Safe Smallpox Inoculations].</ref> <!-- ==Literary place== Line 65 ⟶ 74: ==Paintings== On a recent episode of the British TV show "[[Antiques Roadshow]]", several paintings attributed to Lady Mary were brought in for valuation. Remarkable for their sensitive portrayals of royal courtiers of the Turkish empire, the paintings show lively and genuine artistic talent. The colours are still vibrant, and it is interesting to note that she was allowed to paint male members of the royal family. These valuable works are currently in the hands of a private owner, who plans to bequeath them to a museum.--> ==References==

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