Utente:Pierantonio Gratarol/List of alloys
This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
Alloys by base metal modifica
Aluminium modifica
- AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.[1]
- Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
- Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
- Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars.
- Duralumin (copper)
- Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
- Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
- Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
- Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
- Scandium–aluminium (scandium)
- Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)
Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al3Mn.
Beryllium modifica
- Lockalloy (62% Beryllium, 38% Aluminum) [2]
Bismuth modifica
- Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
- Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
- Rose metal (lead, tin)
- Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Chromium modifica
- Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
- Nichrome (nickel)
Cobalt modifica
- Megallium
- Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) [3]
- Vitallium
Copper modifica
- Arsenical copper
- Beryllium copper (beryllium)
- Billon (silver)
- Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
- Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
- Guanín
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)
- Silicon bronze
- Speculum metal (tin)
- Constantan (nickel)
- Copper hydride (hydrogen)
- Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
- Cunife (nickel, iron)
- Cupronickel (nickel)
- CuSil (silver)
- Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)
- Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
- Electrum (gold, silver)
- Hepatizon (gold, silver)
- Manganin (manganese, nickel)
- Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
- Molybdochalkos (lead)
- Nickel silver (nickel)
- Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
- Shakudo (gold)
- Tumbaga (gold)
Gallium modifica
- Al Ga (aluminium, gallium)
- Galfenol (iron)
- Galinstan (indium, tin)
Gold modifica
- Colored gold (silver, copper)
- Crown gold (silver, copper)
- Electrum (silver, gold)
- Rhodite (rhodium)
- Rose gold (copper)
- Tumbaga (copper)
- White gold (nickel, palladium)
Indium modifica
- Field's metal (bismuth, tin)
Iron modifica
- Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
- Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
- Ferroalloys (Category:Ferroalloys)
- Ferroboron
- Ferrocerium
- Ferrochrome
- Ferromagnesium
- Ferromanganese
- Ferromolybdenum
- Ferronickel
- Ferrophosphorus
- Ferrosilicon
- Ferrotitanium
- Ferrouranium
- Ferrovanadium
- Invar (nickel)
- Cast iron (carbon)
- Pig iron (carbon)
- Iron hydride (hydrogen)
- Kanthal (alloy) (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
- Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
- Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
- Staballoy (stainless steel) (managanese, chromium, carbon) - see also #Alloys of uranium below
- Steel (carbon) (Category:Steels)
- Bulat steel
- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
- Crucible steel
- Damascus steel
- Hadfield steel
- High speed steel
- Mushet steel
- HSLA steel
- Maraging steel
- Reynolds 531
- Silicon steel (silicon)
- Spring steel
- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
- AL-6XN
- Alloy 20
- Celestrium
- Marine grade stainless
- Martensitic stainless steel
- Alloy 28 or Sanicro 28 (nickel, chromium)
- Surgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)
- Zeron 100 (chromium, nickel, molybdenum)
- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
- Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
- Wootz steel
Lead modifica
Magnesium modifica
- Elektron
- Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
- T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy
Mercury modifica
Nickel modifica
- Category: Nickel alloys
- Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
- Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
- Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
- Chromel (chromium)
- Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
- Ferronickel (iron)
- German silver (copper, zinc)
- Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
- Inconel (chromium, iron)
- Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
- Nichrome (chromium)
- Nickel-carbon (carbon)
- Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
- Nimonic (chromium, cobalt, titanium), used in jet engine turbine blades
- Nisil (silicon)
- Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
- Magnetically "soft" alloys
- Mu-metal (iron)
- Permalloy (iron, molybdenum)
- Supermalloy (molybdenum)
- Brass (copper, zinc, manganese)
- Nickel hydride (hydrogen)
- Stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, carbon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon)
- Coin silver (nickel)
Plutonium modifica
- Plutonium–aluminium
- Plutonium–cerium
- Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
- Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
- Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
- Plutonium–zirconium
Potassium modifica
Rare Earths modifica
- Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
- Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Rhodium modifica
- Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)
Samarium modifica
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium modifica
- Scandium hydride (hydrogen)
Silver modifica
- Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
- Billon
- Britannia silver (copper)
- Doré bullion (gold)
- Electrum (gold)
- Goloid (copper, gold)
- Platinum sterling (platinum)
- Shibuichi (copper)
- Sterling silver (copper)
- Tibetan silver (copper)
Sodium modifica
Titanium modifica
- 6al–4v (aluminium, vanadium)
- Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
- Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws etc.
- Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
- Titanium nitride (nitrogen)
- Titanium gold (gold)
Tin modifica
- Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)[4]
- Britannium (copper, antimony)[1]
- Pewter (antimony, copper)
- Queen's metal (antimony, lead, and bismuth)
- Solder (lead, antimony)
- Terne (lead)
- White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium modifica
- Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also #Alloys of iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
- Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Zinc modifica
- Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
- Electroplated zinc alloys
Zirconium modifica
See also modifica
Notes modifica
- ^ Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
- ^ Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties , University of California Press
- ^ haynesintl.com, http://www.haynesintl.com/alloys/alloy-portfolio_/Corrosion-resistant-Alloys/ULTIMET-alloy/nominal-compositiion.
- ^ mayeralloys.com, http://www.mayeralloys.com/reclamation.html.
References modifica
[[Categoria:Leghe metalliche]] [[Categoria:Liste di chimica]]