Utente:RubatoStufato/Elenco di regolatori linguistici

Quest'è un elenco di organizzazioni che regolano le lingue standard, che spesso vengono chiamate accademie linguistiche. Le accademie linguistiche hanno come motivo, o come legame stretto, il purismo linguistico, e di solito pubblicano dizionari normativi[1], i quali affermano di officiare e prescrivere i significati di parole e le pronunce. Però è anche possibile che sia non-normativo un regolatore linguistico benché mantenga (sempre senza di imporla) un'ortografia standard.

Molte lingue del mondo hanno una o più di una accademia linguistica. Però, la misura di controllo che hanno le accademie delle loro lingue non rende queste lingue in lingue controllate come lo sono "l'inglese semplice" (ad esempio, l'inglese di base e l'inglese tecnico semplificato) e il Newspeak, la lingua di finzione di George Orwell. Rimangono invece in gran misura lingue naturali, e così non sono lingue formali come l'inglese controllato di Attempto (ing. Attempto Controlled English). Hanno però una certa misura di standardizzazione che gli permette di funzionare come lingue standard (tipo il francese standard).


Lingue naturali

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Language Territory Regulator(s)
Afrikaans   Sudafrica Die Taalkommissie
Akan   Ghana Akan Orthography Committee (AOC)
Albanian   Albania
  Kosovo
Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana
Arabic   Algeria
  Egitto
  Iraq
  Giordania
  Marocco
  Somalia
  Sudan
  Siria
  Tunisia
  Israele
Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية) Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, Sudan
Academy of the Arabic Language, Israel (مجمع اللغة العربية)
Arabic Language International Council
Aragonese [[File:Template:Naz/Aragon|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/AragonTemplate:Naz/Aragon|20x16px]] Academia de l'Aragonés, Aragon, Spain
Armenian   Armenia Armenian National Academy of Sciences (Հայաստան)
Assamese   Assam Asam Sahitya Sabha (অসম সাহিত্য সভা)
Asturian [[File:Template:Naz/Asturias|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/AsturiasTemplate:Naz/Asturias|20x16px]] Academy of the Asturian Language (Academia de la Llingua Asturiana)
Azerbaijani   Azerbaigian
  Iran
Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Bengali (Bangla)   Bangladesh Bangla Academy (বাংলা একাডেমি)
  West Bengal Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi (পশ্চিমবঙ্গ বাংলা আকাদেমি)
Basque [[File:Template:Naz/Basque Country|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/Basque CountryTemplate:Naz/Basque Country|20x16px]] Basque Country
[[File:Template:Naz/Navarre|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/NavarreTemplate:Naz/Navarre|20x16px]] Navarre
  French Basque Country
Euskaltzaindia, often translated as Royal Academy of the Basque language
Belarusian   Bielorussia The Jakub Kolas and Janka Kupala Institute of Language and Literature[2] at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Bosnian   Bosnia ed Erzegovina
Template:Flagicon image Sandžak
University of Sarajevo
Berber or Tamazight   Marocco Royal Institute of Amazight Culture (IRCAM)
  Algeria Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité (HCA)
Bulgarian   Bulgaria Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Burmese   Birmania Myanmar Language Commission
Cantonese  
 
Official Language Division, Civil Service Bureau, Government of Hong Kong
Catalan   Institute of Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans)
[[File:Template:Naz/Valencian Community|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/Valencian CommunityTemplate:Naz/Valencian Community|20x16px]] Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (for the Valencian standard)
Cebuano   Filippine Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters (Akademyang Bisaya)
Cherokee [[File:Template:Naz/Cherokee Nation|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/Cherokee NationTemplate:Naz/Cherokee Nation|20x16px]] Council of the Cherokee Nation (ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ)
Standard Chinese   Cina State Language Work Committee (国家语言文字工作委员会)
Template:ROC-TW National Languages Committee (國語推行委員會)
  Singapore Promote Mandarin Council (讲华语运动理事会)
  Malaysia Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia (马来西亚华语规范理事会)
Cornish [[File:Template:Naz/Cornwall|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/CornwallTemplate:Naz/Cornwall|20x16px]] Cornish Language Partnership (Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek)
Croatian   Croazia Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics (Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje)
Czech   Rep. Ceca Institute of the Czech Language (of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) (Ústav pro jazyk český (Akademie věd České republiky))
Danish   Danimarca Dansk Sprognævn (Danish Language Council)
Dalecarlian   Dalarna County Ulum Dalska
Dari   Afghanistan Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
Divehi   Maldive Dhivehi Academy
Dutch   Paesi Bassi
  Belgio
  Suriname
Nederlandse Taalunie (Dutch Language Union)
Dzongkha   Bhutan Dzongkha Development Commission (རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས)
Estonian   Estonia Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond (Language Board at the Mother Tongue Society) sets rules and standards, authoritative advice is given by the Institute of the Estonian Language (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Faroese   Fær Øer Faroese Language Council (Málráðið)
Filipino   Filippine Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino)
Finnish   Finlandia Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
French   Francia Académie française (French Academy)
  Office québécois de la langue française (Quebec Office of the French Language)
Galician [[File:Template:Naz/Galicia|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/GaliciaTemplate:Naz/Galicia|20x16px]] Royal Galician Academy (Real Academia Galega)
German   Germania
  Austria
  Svizzera
[[File:Template:Naz/South Tyrol|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/South TyrolTemplate:Naz/South Tyrol|20x16px]]
 
 
 
Council for German Orthography (Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung)
Greenlandic   The Greenland Language Secretariat (Oqaasileriffik)
Greek  
 
Center for the Greek language (Κέντρον Ελληνικής Γλώσσας)
Guarani   Guarani Language Academy (Guarani Ñe’ ẽ Rerekuapavẽ)
Haitian Creole   Haiti Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole Academy)
Hebrew   Israele Academy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית)
Hindi   India Central Hindi Directorate (regulates use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India)
Hmar   India Hmar Literature Society (Manipur, India)[senza fonte]
Hungarian   Ungheria Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelvtudományi Intézete)
Icelandic   Islanda Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
Igbo   Nigeria Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture
Indonesian   Indonesia Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Irish   Irlanda
 
Foras na Gaeilge
Italian   Italia
Template:RSM
  Svizzera
 
Accademia della Crusca (Academy of the bran)
Japanese   Giappone No official centralized regulation, but de facto regulations by Agency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁) at the Ministry of Education of Japan (文部科学省)
Kannada   Karnataka Various academies and Government of Karnataka
Kashubian   Polonia Commission of the Kashubian Language [1]
Kazakh   Kazakistan Ministry of Culture of Kazakhstan
Khmer   Cambogia Ministry of culture and fine arts of Cambodia
Korean   Corea del Sud National Institute of the Korean Language (국립국어원)
Kven   Norvegia Kainun institutti – kvensk institutt
Kyrgyz   Kirghizistan National Committee for State Language under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (Кыргыз Республикасынын Президентине караштуу Мамлекеттик тил боюнча улуттук комиссия)
Latin [[File:Template:Naz/Holy See|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/Holy SeeTemplate:Naz/Holy See|20x16px]] Pontifical Academy for Latin (Pontificia Academia Latinitatis) (ecclesiastical Latin)[3]
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy: botanical Latin)
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: zoological Latin)
Latvian   Lettonia Latvian State Language Center (Valsts Valodas Centrs)
Lithuanian   Lituania Commission of the Lithuanian Language (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija)
Lusoga   Uganda Lusoga Language Authority (LULA)
Macedonian   Macedonia del Nord Macedonian Language Institute "Krste Misirkov" (Институт за македонски јазик "Крсте Мисирков", Institut za makedonski jazik "Krste Misirkov")
Malay   Malaysia
  Brunei
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (The Institute of Language and Literature)
Malayalam   Kerala Kerala Sahitya Akademi (കേരള സാഹിത്യ പരിശീലന സ്ഥാപനം) and Government of Kerala
Maltese   Malta National Council for the Maltese Language (www.kunsilltalmalti.gov.mt)
Manx   Isola di Man Coonceil ny Gaelgey
Māori   Nuova Zelanda Māori Language Commission
Mirandese   Portogallo Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa (Institute of the Mirandese Language)
Mixtec   Messico Academy of the Mixtec Language (Ve'e Tu'un Sávi)
Mongolian   Mongolia Council of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government.[4]
Nepali   Nepal Language Academy of Nepal
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
  Norvegia Norwegian Language Council
Occitan   Francia
  Spagna
  Monaco
  Italia
Lo Congrès Permanent de la lenga occitana (the permanent congress of occitan language) [2]
Pashto   Afghanistan Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
  Pakistan Pashto Academy
Persian   Iran
  Tagikistan
  Afghanistan
  Uzbekistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی‎)
Polish   Polonia Polish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego)
Portuguese   Portogallo Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras
  Brasile Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Literary Academy)
[[File:Template:Naz/Galicia|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/GaliciaTemplate:Naz/Galicia|20x16px]] Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Academia Galega da Lingua Portuguesa)
Quechua   Perù High Academy of the Quechua Language (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur)
Romanian   Romania Institutul de Lingvisticǎ al Academiei Române (Institute for Linguistics of the Romanian Academy)
  Moldavia Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei
Russian [[File:Template:Naz/Russian Empire|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/Russian EmpireTemplate:Naz/Russian Empire|20x16px]] Russian Academy (1783–1841)
  Russia Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1944)
Scots   Scozia The Scots Language Centre supports the Scots language.[5] Scottish Language Dictionaries record and analyse the language as it is spoken and written throughout Scotland and Ulster today.[6]
Secwepemctsín   Canada Stk'wemiple7s re Secwepemctsin, are the group of people supported by the Secwepemc Cultural Education Society who develop new words.
Serbian and Montenegrin   Serbia
  Montenegro
Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language
Sindhi   Pakistan Sindhi Language Authority [3]
Sinhala   Hela Havula (හෙළ හවුල)
Slovak   Slovacchia Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics (Jazykovedný ústav Ľudovíta Štúra) at Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovenská akadémia vied)
Slovene   Slovenia Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Somali  
 
 
Regional Somali Language Academy
Sorbian   Germania Serbski institut [4]
Spanish  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Filippine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (constituted by the Real Academia Española plus 22 other separate national academies in the Spanish-speaking world)
Swahili   Tanzania Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa
  Kenya Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa
Swedish   Svezia Swedish Language Council (semi-official)
Swedish Academy
  Finlandia Swedish Language Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland (Svenska språkbyrån)
Tamil   Tamil Nadu Thanjavur Tamil University and Official Language Commission of Government of Tamil Nadu
  Department of Official Languages, Sri Lanka
Tatar   Institute of Language, Literature and Arts of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
Telugu   Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Telugu Academy and Official Language Commission of Government of Andhra Pradesh
Tetum   Timor Est National Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor
Thai   Thailandia Royal Society of Thailand (ราชบัณฑิตยสภา)
Turkish   Turchia
  Cipro
Template:TRNC
Turkish Language Association
Ukrainian   Ucraina National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Urdu   Pakistan National Language Authority, Pakistan
  India National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, India
Urhobo   Nigeria Urhobo Studies Association
Võro   Estonia Võro Institute
Waray   Filippine Sanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) defunct
Welsh   Galles Welsh Language Commissioner (Meri Huws)
— The Welsh Government
(previously the Welsh Language Board Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg)(Principally, however, the role of the Welsh Language Commissioner is that of language planning and policy regulator and enforcer. The role also includes corpus planning.)
West Frisian [[File:Template:Naz/Friesland|class=noviewer|Bandiera Template:Naz/FrieslandTemplate:Naz/Friesland|20x16px]] Fryske Akademy (Frisian Academy)
Wolof   Senegal Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at the Cheikh Anta Diop University)
Yiddish  
  Svezia
  Russia
YIVO [5]
Yoruba   Nigeria Yoruba Academy

Lingue ausiliare

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Esperanto

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Da parte l'Akademio de Esperanza, la maggioranza delle lingue ausiliari, che vengono chiamate anche lingue artificiali (Conlangs, dall'inglese "constructed languages") non hanno veri regolatori linguistici (cioè, vere accademie linguistiche)[7].

Esperanto and Ido have been constructed (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and further developed by communities of users through natural language evolution.


Bodies such as the Akademio de Esperanto look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.

Vedi anche: Lingue ausiliare internazionali

Language Regulator(s)
Esperanto Akademio de Esperanto
Ido Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido
Lojban Logical Language Group
Volapük Kadäm Volapüka

Altre lingue artificiali

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Language Regulator(s)
Klingon Marc Okrand
Talossan Comità per l'Útzil del Glheþ

Interlingua

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The auxiliary language Interlingua has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary is verified and recorded by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies. IALA ceased to exist (1953) and according to the secretary of Union Mundial de Interlingua "Interlingua doesn't need its Academy"[7]

Vedi anche

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  1. ^ Thomas, George (1991) Linguistic purism p.108, quotation:
  2. ^ Organizations Attached to the Department of Humanitarian Sciences and Arts, su nasb.gov.by, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. URL consultato l'8 June 2012.
    «Field of Activities: ... compilation of the Belarusian language dictionaries including Belarusian – the other Slavonic languages and the other Slavonic languages – Belarusian dictionaries; ...»
  3. ^ (LA) Pontificia Academia Latinitatis, su vatican.va, 10 novembre 2012. URL consultato il 19 agosto 2013.
  4. ^ (MN) Хуулийн нэгдсэн портал сайт, in Legalinfo.mn.
  5. ^ Scots Language Centre, su scotslanguage.com. URL consultato l'11 agosto 2015.
  6. ^ Scottish Language Dictionaries - Home, su scotsdictionaries.org.uk, 3 agosto 2015. URL consultato l'11 agosto 2015.
  7. ^ Johan Derks, Prilingvaj institutoj de 18 naciaj lingvoj (Language Institutes of eighteen states), Interlingvistikaj Studoj, UAM, 2014/17, Esperanta Interlingvistiko 1